Compositions comprising AAV expressing dual antibody constructs and uses thereof

ABSTRACT

A recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) having an AAV capsid and packaged therein a heterologous nucleic acid which expresses two functional antibody constructs in a cell is described. Also described are antibodies comprising a heavy chain and a light chain from a heterologous antibody. In one embodiment, the antibodies are co-expressed from a vector containing: a first expression cassette which encodes at least a first open reading frame (ORF) for a first immunoglobulin under the control of regulatory control sequences which direct expression thereof; and a second expression cassette which comprises a second ORF, a linker, and a third ORF under the control of regulatory control sequences which direct expression thereof, wherein the second and third ORF for a second and third immunoglobulin construct. The vector co-expressing these two antibody constructs is in one embodiment an AAV, in which the 5′ and 3′ ITRs flank the expression cassettes and regulatory sequences.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/310,555,filed Nov. 11, 2016, which is a national stage application under 35 USC371 of PCT/US2015/030533, filed May 13, 2015, now expired, which claimsthe benefit under 35 USC 119(e) of U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 61/992,649, filed May 13, 2014. Each of these applications is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

This invention was made with government support under grant number ARONo. 64047-LS-DRP awarded by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency(DARPA). The government has certain rights in the invention.

INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED IN ELECTRONIC FORM

Applicant hereby incorporates by reference the Sequence Listing materialfiled in electronic form herewith. This file is labeled “14-7032PCT_SeqListing_ST25.txt” and dated May 13, 2015 with a size of 220 KB.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Monoclonal antibodies have been proven as effective therapeutics forcancer and other diseases. Current antibody therapy often involvesrepeat administration and long term treatment regimens, which areassociated with a number of disadvantages, such as inconsistent serumlevels and limited duration of efficacy per administration such thatfrequent re-administration is required and high cost. The use ofantibodies as diagnostic tools and therapeutic modalities has foundincreasing use in recent years. The first FDA-approved monoclonalantibody for cancer treatment, Rituxan® (Rituximab) was approved in 1997for the treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and soonthereafter in 1995, Herceptin®, a humanized monoclonal antibody fortreatment of patients with metastatic breast cancer, was approved.Numerous antibody-based therapies that are in various stages of clinicaldevelopment are showing promise. Given the success of various monoclonalantibody therapies, it has been suggested the next generation ofbiopharmaceuticals will involve cocktails, i.e., mixtures, ofantibodies.

One limitation to the widespread clinical application of antibodytechnology is that typically large amounts of antibody are required fortherapeutic efficacy and the costs associated with production aresignificant. Chinese Hamster Ovarian (CHO) cells, SP20 and NSO2 myelomacells are the most commonly used mammalian cell lines for commercialscale production of glycosylated human proteins such as antibodies. Theyields obtained from mammalian cell line production typically range from50-250 mg/L for 5-7 day culture in a batch fermenter or 300-1000 mg/L in7-12 days in fed batch fermenters.

Adeno associated virus (AAV) is a desirable vector for deliveringtherapeutic genes due to its safety profile and capability of long termgene expression in vivo. Recombinant AAV vectors (rAAV) have beenpreviously used to express single chain and full length antibodies invivo. Due to the limited transgene packaging capacity of AAV, it hasbeen a technical challenge to have a tightly regulated system to expressheavy and light chains of an antibody using a single AAV vector in orderto generate full length antibodies.

There remains a need in the art for delivering two antibodies in asingle composition for therapeutic use.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) having an AAV capsid whichhas packaged therein a heterologous nucleic acid which expresses twofunctional antibodies in a cell is provided herein. In one embodiment,the recombinant AAV contains an ORF encoding an immunoglobulin lightchain, a second ORF encoding a first immunoglobulin heavy chain and athird ORF encoding a second heavy chain, whereby the expressedfunctional antibody constructs have two different heavy chains withdifferent specificities which share a light chain. In one embodiment,the two antibodies with different specificities are co-expressed, with athird, bispecific antibody having the specificities of the twomonospecific antibodies.

In one embodiment, the rAAV comprises: a 5′ AAV inverted terminal repeat(ITR); a first expression cassette which encodes at least a first openreading frame (ORF) for a first immunoglobulin under the control ofregulatory control sequences which direct expression thereof; a secondexpression cassette which comprises a second ORF, a linker, and a thirdORF under the control of regulatory control sequences which directexpression thereof, wherein the second and third ORF encode for a secondand third immunoglobulin construct; and a 3′ AAV ITR.

A pharmaceutical composition is provided which comprises a recombinantAAV which expresses at least two functional antibody constructs andpharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In one embodiment, the at least twofunctional antibodies have different specificities. Optionally, alsoco-expressed is a bispecific antibody.

A composition comprising at least two functional antibodies havingdifferent specificities is provided, wherein each of the antibodies hasthe same light chain and a different heavy chain. The light chain isfrom a different source than the heavy chain for one or both of theantibodies. In one embodiment, two functional monospecific antibodiesand a bifunctional antibody are expressed. In one embodiment, the ratioof antibodies is about 25:about 50:about 25,homodimeric:bispecific:homodimeric.

A method of delivering two functional antibodies to a subject isprovided which comprises administering a recombinant AAV to the subject.

Still other aspects and advantages of the invention will be readilyapparent from the following detailed description of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a cartoon illustrating an exemplary arrangement for a vectorexpressing two monospecific antibody constructs containing a first and asecond heavy chain and a light chain, which may be from an antibodyheterologous to one or both of the antibodies from which the first andsecond heavy chain originate, and a third, bispecific antibody. Thisarrangement utilizes a shared enhancer which is bidirectional and whichseparates a first expression cassette and a second expression cassette.Three open reading frames (ORF) are illustrated. L refers to a linker.pA1 refers to a first polyA and pA2 refers to a second polyA. MP1 refersto a first minimal promoter and MP2 refers to a second minimal promoter.The polyA and the MP may be the same or different for each expressioncassette.

FIG. 1B is a cartoon illustrating an alternative exemplary arrangementfor a vector expressing two antibody constructs containing a first and asecond heavy chain and a light chain, which may be from an antibodyheterologous to one or both of the antibodies from which the first andsecond heavy chain originate, and a third, bispecific antibody. Thisarrangement utilizes a shared polyA. E1 refers to a first enhancer andE2 refers to a second enhancer. These may be same or different enhancersfor each of the expression cassettes. Similarly MP1 and MP2 may the sameor different.

FIG. 2 illustrates a nucleic acid molecule carried by a plasmid forpackaging into an AAV capsid, which is used for co-expression of ananti-TSG 101 heavy chain, FI6 influenza heavy chain, and FI6 lightchain. These antibody chains utilize heterologous leader frominterleukin 2 (IL2). The human CMV enhancer was used in conjunction withCMV promoters. The bicistronic expression cassette contains a furinrecognition site and a 2A linker sequence separating the ORF containingthe FI6 VL and CL regions from the ORF containing the FI6 heavy chain.The polyA for the expression cassette on the right is a shortenedthymidine kinase polyA. The polyA for the expression cassette on theleft is a synthetic polyA sequence.

FIG. 3 illustrates the binding ability of an FI6v3k2 antibodyco-expressed with a C05 antibody from a recombinant AAV8 prepared asdescribed herein. The results demonstrate the expected binding tofull-length HA and the HA stem characteristic of FI6 and binding to HAand HA head only (no stem) characteristic of C05.

FIGS. 4A-4B illustrates the binding ability of an FI6v3k2 antibodyco-expressed with a 1A6 antibody (anti-TSG 101) from a recombinant AAV8prepared as described herein. FIG. 4A is a bar chart showing binding toprotein A captures total monoclonal antibody in the mixture (negativecontrol is represented by the bar on the left, antibody mixture by thebar on the right). FIG. 4B is a graph showing that binding to the TSG101peptide captures only the MAB containing 1A6 heavy chain (upper line).These data demonstrate that when co-expressed with FI6v3k2, 1A6 antibodyretained the binding specificity of antibody from which its heavy chainsoriginated.

FIG. 5 illustrates systemic expression levels in mice administered FI6co-expressed from an AAV vector with a second antibody at doses of1×10¹¹ genome copies (GC) or 1×10¹⁰ GC.

FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate the evaluation of the AAV9.BiD.FI6v3_CR8033mAbdelivered intramuscularly (IM) at 1×10¹¹ GC for protection againstchallenge with influenza strain PR8. FIG. 6A is a line graph showingpercent change in weight. The circle represents the AAV9 construct witha bidirectional promoter expressing synthetic FI6v3 and CR8033monoclonal antibodies having the same heterologous light chain. Thesquare represents a positive control, i.e., AAV9 expressing a singleantibody type FI6 also delivered at 1×10¹¹ GC, and the trianglerepresents naïve animals FIG. 6B shows survival post-challenge.

FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate the evaluation of the AAV9.BiD.FI6v3_CR8033mAbdelivered intramuscularly (IM) at 1×10¹¹ GC for protection againstchallenge with influenza strain B/Lee/40. FIG. 7A is a line graphshowing percent change in weight. The circle represents the AAV9construct with a bidirectional promoter expressing synthetic FI6 andCR8033 monoclonal antibodies having the same heterologous light chain.The square represents a positive control, i.e., AAV9 expressing a singleantibody type CR8033 also delivered at 1×10¹¹ GC, and the trianglerepresents naïve animals. FIG. 7B shows survival post-challenge.

FIG. 8A is a chart showing protection in a mouse model followingadministration of an AAV which expresses both FI6v3 and TCN monoclonalantibodies, as expressed by weight of the mouse over days. The top line(diamonds) represents a dose of 25 micrograms (μg/mL) and the bottomline represents 0.4 μg/mL.

FIG. 8B is a chart showing protection in a mouse model followingadministration of an AAV which expresses both FI6v3 and IA6 monoclonalantibodies, as expressed by weight of the mouse over days. The top line(diamonds) represents a dose of 263.2 micrograms (μg/mL) and the bottomline represents 36.5 μg/mL.

FIG. 8C is a chart showing protection in a mouse model followingadministration of an AAV which expresses both FI6v3 and CR8033monoclonal antibodies, as expressed by weight of the mouse over days.The top line (diamonds) represents a dose of 126.3 micrograms (μg/mL)and the bottom line represents 6.9 μg/mL.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A vector is provided herein which delivers at least two functionalantibodies by co-expressing two different heavy chains and single lightchain which when expressed in a cell form two functional antibodies withdifferent specificities, i.e., which recognize different antigens (orligands). A third functional antibody may also be expressed and isbispecific, having the heavy chain of each of the two monospecificantibodies. Typically, the third antibody is expressed at a lower levelthan the two monospecific antibodies. A vector may be used in vivo forefficient production of compositions which will utilize the at least twoantibodies or an antibody-producing host cell may be engineered tocontain the expression cassettes for the two, different heavy chains anda single type of light chain. Thus, the invention also encompasses ahost cell expressing a mixture of two monospecific antibodies, whereineach antibody has a distinct specificity but contains the same lightchain, and a third antibody which is bispecific. In one desiredembodiment, the vector is designed to deliver the three differentantibody constructs in a subject to which the vector is administered.

In one embodiment, the vector is a recombinant AAV which has packagedwithin an AAV capsid a nucleic acid molecule containing sequencesencoding two different heavy chains and a single light chain, which whenco-expressed forms two functional monospecific antibodies, i.e., firstantibody with a first heavy chain and the light chain and a secondantibody with the second heavy chain and the light chain, and a thirdantibody that has one of each of the heavy chains and the same lightchain to make a bispecific antibody.

A “functional antibody” may be an antibody or immunoglobulin which bindsto a selected target (e.g., an antigen on a cancer cell or a pathogen,such as a virus, bacteria, or parasite) with sufficient binding affinityto effect a desired physiologic result, which may be protective (e.g.,passive immunization) or therapeutic.

The AAV vector provided herein may contain 1, 2, or 3 open readingframes (ORF) for up to ten immunoglobulin domains. As used herein, an“immunoglobulin domain” refers to a domain of an antibody heavy chain orlight chain as defined with reference to a conventional, full-lengthantibody. More particularly, a full-length antibody contains a heavy (H)chain polypeptide which contains four domains: one N-terminal variable(VH) region and three C-terminal constant (CHL CH2 and CH3) regions anda light (L) chain polypeptide which contains two domains: one N-terminalvariable (VL) region and one C-terminal constant (CL) region. An Fcregion contains two domains (CH2-CH3). A Fab region may contain oneconstant and one variable domain for each the heavy and light chains.

In an AAV vector described herein, two full-length heavy chainpolypeptides may be expressed (4 domains each) and a light chainpolypeptide (two domains). In one desirable embodiment, the two heavychain polypeptides have different specificities, i.e., are directed todifferent targets. Thus, the vectors are useful alone or in combination,for expressing mixtures of antibodies.

As used herein, “different specificities” indicates that the referencedimmunoglobulin constructs (e.g., a full-length antibody, a heavy chain,or other construct capable of binding a specific target) bind to adifferent target site. Suitably, in a dual expressed antibody construct,the two specificities are non-overlapping and/or non-interfering, andmay optionally enhance each other. Two antibody (immunoglobulin)constructs as described herein confer different specificity by bindingto a different target site on the same pathogen or target site (e.g., avirus protein or tumor). Such different target antigens may be differentstrains of the same viral type (e.g., two different influenza strains),or two different antigens (e.g., an antiviral and anti-cancer, twodifferent anti-cancer constructs, amongst others). For example, a firstheavy chain polypeptide may combine with the light chain to form anantibody construct having a first specificity, the second heavy chainpolypeptide may combine with the light chain to form a second antibodyconstruct having a second specificity, and the first and second heavychain may combine with the light chain to form a bispecific antibody.The antibodies may optionally both be directed to different antigenicsites (epitopes) on a single target (e.g., different target sites on aselected viral, bacterial, fungal or parasite pathogen) or to differenttargets. For example, heavy chains from the two antibodies may bedirected to the influenza virus, and may be co-expressed to form twomonospecific antibodies (e.g., heavy chains from influenza viruses FI6,CR8033 and C05 may be selected) and expressed with a selected lightchain, and a bispecific antibody. Examples of suitable influenzaantibody and other anti-airborne pathogen antibody constructs and amethod for delivering same are described in, e.g., WO 2012/145572A1. Theantibodies may also be directed to different targets (e.g., ananti-viral antibody, including chronic viral infections, viralinfections associated with cancers, or different anti-neoplastic cellsurface proteins or other targets. Examples of suitable viral targetsinclude the influenza hemagglutinin protein or other viral proteins,human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human papilloma virus (HPV),Epstein-Barr virus, human herpes virus, respiratory syncytial virus,amongst others. Thus, the invention is particularly well suited for usein therapeutics and passive prophylaxis for which combinations ofantibodies are desired.

The term “immunoglobulin” is used herein to include antibodies, andfunctional fragments thereof. Antibodies may exist in a variety of formsincluding, for example, polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies,camelized single domain antibodies, intracellular antibodies(“intrabodies”), recombinant antibodies, multispecific antibody(bispecific), antibody fragments, such as, Fv, Fab, F(ab)₂, F(ab)₃,Fab′, Fab′-SH, F(ab′)₂, single chain variable fragment antibodies(scFv), tandem/bis-scFv, Fc, pFc′, scFvFc (or scFv-Fc), disulfide Fv(dsfv), bispecific antibodies (bc-scFv) such as BiTE antibodies; camelidantibodies, resurfaced antibodies, humanized antibodies, fully humanantibodies, single-domain antibody (sdAb, also known as NANOBODY®),chimeric antibodies, chimeric antibodies comprising at least one humanconstant region, and the like. “Antibody fragment” refers to at least aportion of the variable region of the immunoglobulin that binds to itstarget, e.g., the tumor cell. In one embodiment, immunoglobulin is anIgG. However, other types of immunoglobulin may be selected. In anotherembodiment, the IgG subtype selected is an IgG1. However, other isotypesmay be selected. Further, any of the IgG1 allotypes may be selected.

The term “heterologous” when used with reference to a protein or anucleic acid indicates that the protein or the nucleic acid comprisestwo or more sequences or subsequences which are not found in the samerelationship to each other in nature. For instance, the nucleic acid istypically recombinantly produced, having two or more sequences fromunrelated genes arranged to make a new functional nucleic acid. Forexample, in one embodiment, the nucleic acid has a promoter from onegene arranged to direct the expression of a coding sequence from adifferent gene. Thus, with reference to the coding sequence, thepromoter is heterologous. The term “heterologous light chain” is a lightchain containing a variable domain and/or constant domain from anantibody which has a different target specificity from the specificityof the heavy chain.

The two or more ORF(s) carried by the nucleic acid molecule packagedwithin the vector may be expressed from two expression cassettes, one orboth of which may be bicistronic. Because the expression cassettescontain heavy chains from two different antibodies, it is desirable tointroduce sequence variation between the two heavy chain sequences tominimize the possibility of homologous recombination. Typically there issufficient variation between the variable domains of the two antibodies(VH-Ab1 and VH-Ab2). However, it is desirable to ensure there issufficient coding sequence variation between the constant regions of thefirst antibody (Ab1) and the second antibody (Ab2), most preferably ineach of the CH1, CH2, and CH3 regions. For example, in one embodiment,the heavy chain constant regions of a first antibody may have thesequence of nt 1 to 705 of SEQ ID NO: 1 (which encodes amino acids 1-233of SEQ ID NO:2) or a sequence which is about 95% to about 99% identicalthereto without any introducing any amino acid changes. In oneembodiment, variation in the sequence of these regions is introduced inthe form of synonymous codons (i.e., variations of the nucleic acidsequence are introduced without any changes at the amino acid level).For example, the second heavy chain may have constant regions which areat least 15%, at least about 25%, at least about 35%, divergent (i.e.,about 65% to about 85% identical) over CH1, CH2 and/or CH3.

Once the target and immunoglobulin are selected, the coding sequencesfor the selected immunoglobulin (e.g., heavy and/or light chain(s)) maybe obtained and/or synthesized. Methods for sequencing a nucleic acid(e.g., RNA and DNA) are known to those of skill in the art. Once thesequence of a nucleic acid is known, the amino acid can be deduced andsubsequently, there are web-based and commercially available computerprograms, as well as service based companies which back translate theamino acids sequences to nucleic acid coding sequences. See, e.g.,backtranseq by EMBOSS, www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/st/; Gene Infinity(www.geneinfinity org/sms/sms_backtranslation.html); ExPasy(www.expasy.org/tools/). In one embodiment, the RNA and/or cDNA codingsequences are designed for optimal expression in human cells. Methodsfor synthesizing nucleic acids are known to those of skill in the artand may be utilized for all, or portions, of the nucleic acid constructsdescribed herein.

Codon-optimized coding regions can be designed by various differentmethods. This optimization may be performed using methods which areavailable on-line (e.g., GeneArt), published methods, or a company whichprovides codon optimizing services, e.g., as DNA2.0 (Menlo Park,Calif.). One codon optimizing algorithm is described, e.g., in WO2015/012924, which is incorporated by reference herein. See also, e.g.,US Patent Publication No. 2014/0032186 and US Patent Publication No.2006/0136184. Suitably, the entire length of the open reading frame(ORF) for the product is modified. However, in some embodiments, only afragment of the ORF may be altered. By using one of these methods, onecan apply the frequencies to any given polypeptide sequence, and producea nucleic acid fragment of a codon-optimized coding region which encodesthe polypeptide.

A number of options are available for performing the actual changes tothe codons or for synthesizing the codon-optimized coding regionsdesigned as described herein. Such modifications or synthesis can beperformed using standard and routine molecular biological manipulationswell known to those of ordinary skill in the art. In one approach, aseries of complementary oligonucleotide pairs of 80-90 nucleotides eachin length and spanning the length of the desired sequence aresynthesized by standard methods. These oligonucleotide pairs aresynthesized such that upon annealing, they form double strandedfragments of 80-90 base pairs, containing cohesive ends, e.g., eacholigonucleotide in the pair is synthesized to extend 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9, 10, or more bases beyond the region that is complementary to theother oligonucleotide in the pair. The single-stranded ends of each pairof oligonucleotides are designed to anneal with the single-stranded endof another pair of oligonucleotides. The oligonucleotide pairs areallowed to anneal, and approximately five to six of thesedouble-stranded fragments are then allowed to anneal together via thecohesive single stranded ends, and then they ligated together and clonedinto a standard bacterial cloning vector, for example, a TOPO® vectoravailable from Invitrogen Corporation, Carlsbad, Calif. The construct isthen sequenced by standard methods. Several of these constructsconsisting of 5 to 6 fragments of 80 to 90 base pair fragments ligatedtogether, i.e., fragments of about 500 base pairs, are prepared, suchthat the entire desired sequence is represented in a series of plasmidconstructs. The inserts of these plasmids are then cut with appropriaterestriction enzymes and ligated together to form the final construct.The final construct is then cloned into a standard bacterial cloningvector, and sequenced. Additional methods would be immediately apparentto the skilled artisan. In addition, gene synthesis is readily availablecommercially.

Optionally, amino acid substitutions may be introduced into a heavychain constant region in order to increase sequence diversity betweenthe two antibody heavy chains and/or for another purpose. Methods andcomputer programs for preparing such alignments are available and wellknown to those of skill in the art. Substitutions may also be written as(amino acid identified by single letter code)-position #-(amino acididentified by single letter code) whereby the first amino acid is thesubstituted amino acid and the second amino acid is the substitutingamino acid at the specified position. The terms “substitution” and“substitution of an amino acid” and “amino acid substitution” as usedherein refer to a replacement of an amino acid in an amino acid sequencewith another one, wherein the latter is different from the replacedamino acid. Methods for replacing an amino acid are well known to theskilled in the art and include, but are not limited to, mutations of thenucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence. Methods of makingamino acid substitutions in IgG are described, e.g., for WO 2013/046704,which is incorporated by reference for its discussion of amino acidmodification techniques.

The term “amino acid substitution” and its synonyms described above areintended to encompass modification of an amino acid sequence byreplacement of an amino acid with another, substituting amino acid. Thesubstitution may be a conservative substitution. The term conservative,in referring to two amino acids, is intended to mean that the aminoacids share a common property recognized by one of skill in the art. Theterm non-conservative, in referring to two amino acids, is intended tomean that the amino acids which have differences in at least oneproperty recognized by one of skill in the art. For example, suchproperties may include amino acids having hydrophobic nonacidic sidechains, amino acids having hydrophobic side chains (which may be furtherdifferentiated as acidic or nonacidic), amino acids having aliphatichydrophobic side chains, amino acids having aromatic hydrophobic sidechains, amino acids with polar neutral side chains, amino acids withelectrically charged side chains, amino acids with electrically chargedacidic side chains, and amino acids with electrically charged basic sidechains. Both naturally occurring and non-naturally occurring amino acidsare known in the art and may be used as substituting amino acids inembodiments. Thus, a conservative amino acid substitution may involvechanging a first amino acid having a hydrophobic side chain with adifferent amino acid having a hydrophobic side chain; whereas anon-conservative amino acid substitution may involve changing a firstamino acid with an acidic hydrophobic side chain with a different aminoacid having a different side chain, e.g., a basic hydrophobic side chainor a hydrophilic side chain Still other conservative or non-conservativechanges can be determined by one of skill in the art. In still otherembodiments, the substitution at a given position will be to an aminoacid, or one of a group of amino acids, that will be apparent to one ofskill in the art in order to accomplish an objective identified herein.

In order to express a selected immunoglobulin domain, a nucleic acidmolecule may be designed which contains codons which have been selectedfor optimal expression of the immunoglobulin polypeptides in a selectedmammalian species, e.g., humans. Further, the nucleic acid molecule mayinclude a heterologous leader sequence for each heavy chain and lightchain of the selected antibody, which encodes the wild-type or a mutatedIL-2 signal leader peptide fused upstream of the heavy and light chainpolypeptides composed of the variable and constant regions. However,another heterologous leader sequence may be substituted for one or bothof the IL-2 signal peptide. Signal/leader peptides may be the same ordifferent for each the heavy chain and light chain immunoglobulinconstructs. These may be signal sequences which are natively found in animmunoglobulin (e.g., IgG), or may be from a heterologous source. Suchheterologous sources may be a cytokine (e.g., IL-2, IL12, IL18, or thelike), insulin, albumin, β-glucuronidase, alkaline protease or thefibronectin secretory signal peptides, amongst others.

As used herein, an “expression cassette” refers to a nucleic acidsequence which comprises at least a first open reading frame (ORF) andoptionally a second ORF. An ORF may contain two, three, or four antibodydomains. For example, the ORF may contain a full-length heavy chain.Alternatively, an ORF may contain one or two antibody domains. Forexample, the ORF may contain a heavy chain variable domain and a singleheavy chain constant domain. In another example, the ORF may contain alight chain variable and a light chain constant region. Thus, anexpression cassette may be designed to be bicistronic, i.e., to containregulatory sequences which direct expression of the ORFs thereon fromshared regulatory sequences. In this instance, the two ORFs aretypically separated by a linker. Suitable linkers, such as an internalribozyme binding site (IRES) and/or a furin-2a self-cleaving peptidelinker (F2a), [see, e.g., Radcliffe and Mitrophanous, Gene Therapy(2004), 11, 1673-1674] are known in the art. Suitably, the ORF areoperably linked to regulatory control sequences which direct expressionin a target cell. Such regulatory control sequences may include a polyA,a promoter, and an enhancer. In order to facilitate co-expression froman AAV vector, at least one of the enhancer and/or polyA sequence may beshared by the first and second expression cassettes.

In one embodiment, the rAAV has packaged within the selected AAV capsid,a nucleic acid molecule comprising: a 5′ ITR, a first expressioncassette, a bidirectional enhancer, and a second expression cassette,where the bidirectional enhancer separates the first and secondexpression cassettes, and a 3′ ITR. FIG. 1A is provided herein as anexample of this embodiment. For example, in such an embodiment, a firstpromoter for a first expression cassette is located to the left of thebidirectional enhancer, followed by at least a first open reading frame,and a polyA sequence, and a second promoter. Further, a second promoterfor the second expression cassette is located to the right of thebidirectional enhancer, followed by at least a second open reading frameand a polyA. The first and second promoters and the first and secondpolyA sequences may be the same or different. A minimal promoter and/ora minimal polyA may be selected in order to conserve space. Typically,in this embodiment, each promoter is located adjacent (either to theleft or the right (or 5′ or 3′)) to the enhancer sequence and the polyAsequences are located adjacent to the ITRs, with the ORFs there between.While FIG. 1A is illustrative, the order of the ORFs may be varied, asmay the immunoglobulin domains encoded thereby. For example, the lightchain constant and variable sequences may be located to the left of theenhancer and the two heavy chains may be encoded by ORFs located to theright of the enhancer. Alternatively, one of the heavy chains may belocated to the left of the enhancer and the ORFs to the right of theenhancer by encode a second heavy chain and a light chain.Alternatively, the opposite configuration is possible, and theexpression cassette to the left of the enhancer may be bicistronic.Alternatively, depending upon what domains are encoded, both expressioncassettes may be monocistronic (e.g., encoding two immunoadhesins), orboth can be bicistronic (e.g., encoding two complete FABs).

In another embodiment, the rAAV has packaged within the selected AAVcapsid, a nucleic acid molecule comprising: a 5′ ITR, a first expressioncassette, a polyA which functions bidirectionally, and a secondexpression cassette, where the bidirectional polyA separates andfunctions for both the first and the second expression cassettes, and a3′ ITR. FIG. 1B is provided herein as an example of this embodiment. Inthis embodiment, a first enhancer and a first promoter (orenhancer/promoter combination) is located to the right of the 5′ ITR,followed by the ORF(s) and the bidirectional polyA. The secondexpression cassette is separated from the first expression cassette bythe bidirectional polyA and is transcribed in the opposite orientation.In this expression cassette, the enhancer and promoter (orpromoter/enhancer combination) is located adjacent to the 3′ ITR and theORF(s) are adjacent to the bidirectional polyA. While FIG. 1B isillustrative, the order of the ORFs may be varied, as may theimmunoglobulin domains encoded thereby. For example, the light chainconstant and variable sequences may be located to the left of the polyAand the two heavy chains may be encoded by ORF(s) located to the rightof the polyA. Alternatively, one of the heavy chains may be located tothe left of the polyA and the ORFs to the right of the polyA encode asecond heavy chain and a light chain. Alternatively, the oppositeconfiguration is possible, and the expression cassette to the left ofthe polyA may be bicistronic. Alternatively, depending upon what domainsare encoded, both expression cassettes may be monocistronic (e.g.,encoding two immunoadhesins), or both can be bicistronic.

Optionally, the expression configuration exemplified in FIGS. 1A and 1Band described herein may be used to co-express other immunoglobulinconstructs. For example, two immunoadhesins (IA) may be expressed fromtwo monocistronic expression cassettes. An immunoadhesin includes a formof antibody that is expressed as single open reading frame containing asingle chain variable fragment (scFv) unit (i.e., VH linked to VL or VLlinked to VH) fused to an Fc domain (CH2-CH3), (e.g., VH-VL-CH2-CH3 orVL-VH-CH2-CH3). Alternatively, up to four scFvs could be expressed fromtwo bicistronic expression cassettes. In another alternative, an IA maybe co-expressed with a full-length antibody. In another alternative, onecomplete FABS may be co-expressed with a full-length antibody or twocomplete FABs may be co-expressed. In still another embodiment, othercombinations of full-length antibody, IA, or FAB fragment may beco-expressed.

Suitable regulatory control sequences may be selected and obtained froma variety of sources. In one embodiment, a minimal promoter and/or aminimal polyA may be utilized to conserve size.

As used herein, the term “minimal promoter” means a short DNA sequencecomprised of a TATA-box and other sequences that serve to specify thesite of transcription initiation, to which regulatory elements are addedfor control of expression. In one embodiment, a promoter refers to anucleotide sequence that includes a minimal promoter plus regulatoryelements that is capable of controlling the expression of a codingsequence or functional RNA. This type of promoter sequence consists ofproximal and more distal upstream elements, the latter elements oftenreferred to as enhancers. In one embodiment, the minimal promoter is aCytomegalovirus (CMV) minimal promoter. In another embodiment, theminimal promoter is derived from human CMV (hCMV) such as the hCMVimmediate early promoter derived minimal promoter (see, US 20140127749,and Gossen and Bujard (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1992, 89: 5547-5551),which are incorporated herein by reference). In another embodiment, theminimal promoter is derived from a viral source such as, for example:SV40 early or late promoters, cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate earlypromoters, or Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) early promoters; or fromeukaryotic cell promoters, for example, beta actin promoter (Ng, Nuc.Acid Res. 17:601-615, 1989; Quitsche et al., J. Biol. Chem.264:9539-9545, 1989), GADPH promoter (Alexander, M. C. et al., Proc.Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 85:5092-5096, 1988, Ercolani, L. et al., J. Biol.Chem. 263:15335-15341, 1988), TK-1 (thymidine kinase) promoter, HSP(heat shock protein) promoters, UbB or UbC promoter, PGK, Efl-alphapromoter or any eukaryotic promoter containing a TATA box (US PublishedApplication No. 2014/0094392). In another embodiment, the minimalpromoter includes a mini-promoter, such as the CLDNS mini-promoterdescribed in US Published Application No. 2014/0065666. In anotherembodiment, the minimal promoter is the Thymidine Kinase (TK) promoter.In one embodiment, the minimal promoter is tissue specific, such as oneof the muscle-cell specific promoters, minimal TnISlow promoter, aminimal TnIFast promoter or a muscle creatine kinase promoter (USPublished Application No. 2012/0282695). Each of these documents isincorporated herein by reference.

In one embodiment, the polyadenylation (poly(A)) signal is a minimalpoly(A) signal, i.e., the minimum sequence required for efficientpolyadenylation. In one embodiment, the minimal poly(A) is a syntheticpoly(A), such as that described in Levitt et al, Genes Dev., 1989 July,3(7):1019-25; and Xia et al, Nat Biotechnol. 2002 October;20(10):1006-10. Epub 2002 Sep. 16. In another embodiment, the poly(A) isderived from the rabbit beta-globin poly(A). In one embodiment, thepolyA acts bidirectionally (An et al, 2006, PNAS, 103(49): 18662-18667).In one embodiment, the poly(A) is derived from the SV40 early poly Asignal sequence. Each of these documents is incorporated herein byreference.

As described herein, in one embodiment, a single enhancer, or the sameenhancer, may regulate the transcription of multiple heterologous genesin the plasmid construct. Various enhancers suitable for use in theinvention are known in the art and include, for example, the CMV earlyenhancer, Hoxc8 enhancer, nPE1 and nPE2. Additional enhancers usefulherein are described in Andersson et al, Nature, 2014 March,507(7493):455-61, which is incorporated herein by reference. Still otherenhancer elements may include, e.g., an apolipoprotein enhancer, azebrafish enhancer, a GFAP enhancer element, and tissue specificenhancers such as described in WO 2013/1555222, woodchuck hepatitispost-transcriptional regulatory element. Additionally, or alternatively,other, e.g., the hybrid human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-immediate early(IE)-PDGR promoter or other promoter-enhancer elements may be selected.To enhance expression the other elements can be introns (like promegaintron or chimeric chicken globin-human immunoglobulin intron). Otherpromoters and enhancers useful herein can be found in the MammalianPromoter/Enhancer Database found at promoter.cdb.riken.jp/.

The constructs described herein may further contain other expressioncontrol or regulatory sequences such as, e.g., include appropriatetranscription initiation, termination, promoter and enhancer sequences;efficient RNA processing signals such as splicing and polyadenylation(polyA) signals; sequences that stabilize cytoplasmic mRNA; sequencesthat enhance translation efficiency (i.e., Kozak consensus sequence);sequences that enhance protein stability; and when desired, sequencesthat enhance secretion of the encoded product. A promoter may beselected from amongst a constitutive promoter, a tissue-specificpromoter, a cell-specific promoter, a promoter responsive to physiologiccues, or an regulatable promoter [see, e.g., WO 2011/126868 and WO2013/049492].

These control sequences are “operably linked” to the immunoglobulinconstruct gene sequences. As used herein, the term “operably linked”refers to both expression control sequences that are contiguous with thegene of interest and expression control sequences that act in trans orat a distance to control the gene of interest.

Examples of constitutive promoters suitable for controlling expressionof the antibody domains include, but are not limited to chicken β-actin(CB) or beta actin promoters from other species, human cytomegalovirus(CMV) promoter, the early and late promoters of simian virus 40 (SV40),U6 promoter, metallothionein promoters, EFlα promoter, ubiquitinpromoter, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) promoter,dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) promoter (Scharfmann et al., Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. USA 88:4626-4630 (1991)), adenosine deaminase promoter,phosphoglycerol kinase (PGK) promoter, pyruvate kinase promoterphosphoglycerol mutase promoter, the β-actin promoter (Lai et al., Proc.Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86: 10006-10010 (1989)), UbB, UbC, the longterminal repeats (LTR) of Moloney Leukemia Virus and other retroviruses,the thymidine kinase promoter of Herpes Simplex Virus and otherconstitutive promoters known to those of skill in the art. Examples oftissue- or cell-specific promoters suitable for use in the presentinvention include, but are not limited to, endothelin-I (ET-I) andFlt-I, which are specific for endothelial cells, FoxJ1 (that targetsciliated cells).

Inducible promoters suitable for controlling expression of the antibodydomains include promoters responsive to exogenous agents (e.g.,pharmacological agents) or to physiological cues. These responseelements include, but are not limited to a hypoxia response element(HRE) that binds HIF-Iα and β, a metal-ion response element such asdescribed by Mayo et al. (1982, Cell 29:99-108); Brinster et al. (1982,Nature 296:39-42) and Searle et al. (1985, Mol. Cell. Biol.5:1480-1489); or a heat shock response element such as described byNouer et al. (in: Heat Shock Response, ed. Nouer, L., CRC, Boca Raton,Fla., ppI67-220, 1991).

In one embodiment, expression of an open reading frame is controlled bya regulatable promoter that provides tight control over thetranscription of the ORF (gene), e.g., a pharmacological agent, ortranscription factors activated by a pharmacological agent or inalternative embodiments, physiological cues. Examples of regulatablepromoters which are ligand-dependent transcription factor complexes thatmay be used include, without limitation, members of the nuclear receptorsuperfamily activated by their respective ligands (e.g., glucocorticoid,estrogen, progestin, retinoid, ecdysone, and analogs and mimeticsthereof) and rTTA activated by tetracycline. Examples of such systems,include, without limitation, the ARGENT™ Transcriptional Technology(ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Mass.). Examples of such promotersystems are described, e.g., in WO 2012/145572, which is incorporated byreference herein.

Still other promoters may include, e.g., human cytomegalovirus (CMV)immediate-early enhancer/promoter, the SV40 early enhancer/promoter, theJC polymavirus promoter, myelin basic protein (MBP) or glial fibrillaryacidic protein (GFAP) promoters, herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) latencyassociated promoter (LAP), rouse sarcoma virus (RSV) long terminalrepeat (LTR) promoter, neuron-specific promoter (NSE), platelet derivedgrowth factor (PDGF) promoter, hSYN, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)promoter, CBA, matrix metalloprotein promoter (MPP), and the chickenbeta-actin promoter. The promoters may the same or different for eachexpression cassette.

For use in producing an AAV viral vector (e.g., a recombinant (r) AAV),the expression cassettes can be carried on any suitable vector, e.g., aplasmid, which is delivered to a packaging host cell. The plasmidsuseful in this invention may be engineered such that they are suitablefor replication and packaging in prokaryotic cells, mammalian cells, orboth. Suitable transfection techniques and packaging host cells areknown and/or can be readily designed by one of skill in the art.

Methods for generating and isolating AAVs suitable for use as vectorsare known in the art. See generally, e.g., Grieger & Samulski, 2005,“Adeno-associated virus as a gene therapy vector: Vector development,production and clinical applications,” Adv. Biochem. Engin/Biotechnol.99: 119-145; Buning et al., 2008, “Recent developments inadeno-associated virus vector technology,” J. Gene Med. 10:717-733; andthe references cited below, each of which is incorporated herein byreference in its entirety. For packaging a transgene into virions, theITRs are the only AAV components required in cis in the same constructas the nucleic acid molecule containing the expression cassettes. Thecap and rep genes can be supplied in trans.

As described above, the term “about” when used to modify a numericalvalue means a variation of ±10%, unless otherwise specified.

As used throughout this specification and the claims, the terms“comprise” and “contain” and its variants including, “comprises”,“comprising”, “contains” and “containing”, among other variants, isinclusive of other components, elements, integers, steps and the like.The term “consists of” or “consisting of” are exclusive of othercomponents, elements, integers, steps and the like.

The terms “identical” or percent “identity,” in the context of two ormore nucleic acids or polypeptide sequences, refer to two or moresequences or subsequences that are the same or have a specifiedpercentage of amino acid residues or nucleotides that are the same(i.e., about 70% identity, preferably 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%,94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99%, or higher identity over a specified region(e.g., any one of the modified ORFs provided herein) when compared andaligned for maximum correspondence over a comparison window ordesignated region) as measured using a BLAST or BLAST 2.0 sequencecomparison algorithms with default parameters described below, or bymanual alignment and visual inspection (see, e.g., NCBI web site or thelike). As another example, polynucleotide sequences can be comparedusing Fasta, a program in GCG Version 6.1. Fasta provides alignments andpercent sequence identity of the regions of the best overlap between thequery and search sequences. For instance, percent sequence identitybetween nucleic acid sequences can be determined using Fasta with itsdefault parameters (a word size of 6 and the NOPAM factor for thescoring matrix) as provided in GCG Version 6.1, herein incorporated byreference. Generally, these programs are used at default settings,although one skilled in the art can alter these settings as needed.Alternatively, one of skill in the art can utilize another algorithm orcomputer program that provides at least the level of identity oralignment as that provided by the referenced algorithms and programs.This definition also refers to, or can be applied to, the compliment ofa sequence. The definition also includes sequences that have deletionsand/or additions, as well as those that have substitutions. As describedbelow, the preferred algorithms can account for gaps and the like.Preferably, identity exists over a region that is at least about 25, 50,75, 100, 150, 200 amino acids or nucleotides in length, and oftentimesover a region that is 225, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500 amino acids ornucleotides in length or over the full-length of an amino acid ornucleic acid sequences.

Typically, when an alignment is prepared based upon an amino acidsequence, the alignment contains insertions and deletions which are soidentified with respect to a reference AAV sequence and the numbering ofthe amino acid residues is based upon a reference scale provided for thealignment. However, any given AAV sequence may have fewer amino acidresidues than the reference scale. In the present invention, whendiscussing the parental sequence, the term “the same position” or the“corresponding position” refers to the amino acid located at the sameresidue number in each of the sequences, with respect to the referencescale for the aligned sequences. However, when taken out of thealignment, each of the proteins may have these amino acids located atdifferent residue numbers. Alignments are performed using any of avariety of publicly or commercially available Multiple SequenceAlignment Programs. Sequence alignment programs are available for aminoacid sequences, e.g., the “Clustal X”, “MAP”, “PIMA”, “MSA”,“BLOCKMAKER”, “MEME”, and “Match-Box” programs. Generally, any of theseprograms are used at default settings, although one of skill in the artcan alter these settings as needed. Alternatively, one of skill in theart can utilize another algorithm or computer program which provides atleast the level of identity or alignment as that provided by thereferenced algorithms and programs. See, e.g., J. D. Thomson et al,Nucl. Acids. Res., “A comprehensive comparison of multiple sequencealignments”, 27(13):2682-2690 (1999).

In one embodiment, the expression cassettes described herein areengineered into a genetic element (e.g., a shuttle plasmid) whichtransfers the immunoglobulin construct sequences carried thereon into apackaging host cell for production a viral vector. In one embodiment,the selected genetic element may be delivered to a an AAV packaging cellby any suitable method, including transfection, electroporation,liposome delivery, membrane fusion techniques, high velocity DNA-coatedpellets, viral infection and protoplast fusion. Stable AAV packagingcells can also be made. Alternatively, the expression cassettes may beused to generate a viral vector other than AAV, or for production ofmixtures of antibodies in vitro. The methods used to make suchconstructs are known to those with skill in nucleic acid manipulationand include genetic engineering, recombinant engineering, and synthetictechniques. See, e.g., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, ed. Greenand Sambrook, Cold Spring Harbor Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (2012).

AAV Vectors

A recombinant AAV vector (AAV viral particle) may comprise, packagedwithin an AAV capsid, a nucleic acid molecule containing a 5′ AAV ITR,the expression cassettes described herein and a 3′ AAV ITR. As describedherein, an expression cassette may contain regulatory elements for anopen reading frame(s) within each expression cassette and the nucleicacid molecule may optionally contain additional regulatory elements.

The AAV vector may contain a full-length AAV 5′ inverted terminal repeat(ITR) and a full-length 3′ ITR. A shortened version of the 5′ ITR,termed ΔITR, has been described in which the D-sequence and terminalresolution site (trs) are deleted. The abbreviation “sc” refers toself-complementary. “Self-complementary AAV” refers a construct in whicha coding region carried by a recombinant AAV nucleic acid sequence hasbeen designed to form an intra-molecular double-stranded DNA template.Upon infection, rather than waiting for cell mediated synthesis of thesecond strand, the two complementary halves of scAAV will associate toform one double stranded DNA (dsDNA) unit that is ready for immediatereplication and transcription. See, e.g., D M McCarty et al,“Self-complementary recombinant adeno-associated virus (scAAV) vectorspromote efficient transduction independently of DNA synthesis”, GeneTherapy, (August 2001), Vol 8, Number 16, Pages 1248-1254.Self-complementary AAVs are described in, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos.6,596,535; 7,125,717; and 7,456,683, each of which is incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety.

Where a pseudotyped AAV is to be produced, the ITRs are selected from asource which differs from the AAV source of the capsid. For example,AAV2 ITRs may be selected for use with an AAV capsid having a particularefficiency for a selected cellular receptor, target tissue or viraltarget. In one embodiment, the ITR sequences from AAV2, or the deletedversion thereof (ΔITR), are used for convenience and to accelerateregulatory approval. However, ITRs from other AAV sources may beselected. Where the source of the ITRs is from AAV2 and the AAV capsidis from another AAV source, the resulting vector may be termedpseudotyped. However, other sources of AAV ITRs may be utilized.

A variety of AAV capsids have been described. Methods of generating AAVvectors have been described extensively in the literature and patentdocuments, including, e.g., WO 2003/042397; WO 2005/033321, WO2006/110689; U.S. Pat. No. 7,588,772 B2. The source of AAV capsids maybe selected from an AAV which targets a desired tissue. For example,suitable AAV may include, e.g., AAV9 [U.S. Pat. No. 7,906,111; US2011-0236353-A1], rh10 [WO 2003/042397] and/or hu37 [see, e.g., U.S.Pat. No. 7,906,111; US 2011-0236353-A1]. However, other AAV, including,e.g., AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV4, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, [U.S. Pat. No.7,790,449; U.S. Pat. No. 7,282,199] and others. However, other sourcesof AAV capsids and other viral elements may be selected, as may otherimmunoglobulin constructs and other vector elements.

A single-stranded AAV viral vector is provided. Methods for generatingand isolating AAV viral vectors suitable for delivery to a subject areknown in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 7,790,449; U.S. Pat. No.7,282,199; WO 2003/042397; WO 2005/033321, WO 2006/110689; and U.S. Pat.No. 7,588,772 B2]. In one system, a producer cell line is transientlytransfected with a construct that encodes the transgene flanked by ITRsand a construct(s) that encodes rep and cap. In a second system, apackaging cell line that stably supplies rep and cap is transientlytransfected with a construct encoding the transgene flanked by ITRs. Ineach of these systems, AAV virions are produced in response to infectionwith helper adenovirus or herpesvirus, requiring the separation of therAAVs from contaminating virus. More recently, systems have beendeveloped that do not require infection with helper virus to recover theAAV—the required helper functions (i.e., adenovirus E1, E2a, VA, and E4or herpesvirus ULS, ULB, UL52, and UL29, and herpesvirus polymerase) arealso supplied, in trans, by the system. In these newer systems, thehelper functions can be supplied by transient transfection of the cellswith constructs that encode the required helper functions, or the cellscan be engineered to stably contain genes encoding the helper functions,the expression of which can be controlled at the transcriptional orposttranscriptional level. In yet another system, the transgene flankedby ITRs and rep/cap genes are introduced into insect cells by infectionwith baculovirus-based vectors. For reviews on these production systems,see generally, e.g., Zhang et al., 2009, “Adenovirus-adeno-associatedvirus hybrid for large-scale recombinant adeno-associated virusproduction,” Human Gene Therapy 20:922-929, the contents of each ofwhich is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Methods ofmaking and using these and other AAV production systems are alsodescribed in the following U.S. patents, the contents of which isincorporated herein by reference in its entirety: U.S. Pat. Nos.5,139,941; 5,741,683; 6,057,152; 6,204,059; 6,268,213; 6,491,907;6,660,514; 6,951,753; 7,094,604; 7,172,893; 7,201,898; 7,229,823; and7,439,065.

Uses and Regimens

The rAAV, preferably suspended in a physiologically compatible carrier,may be administered to a human or non-human mammalian patient. Suitablecarriers may be readily selected by one of skill in the art in view ofthe indication for which the transfer virus is directed. For example,one suitable carrier includes saline, which may be formulated with avariety of buffering solutions (e.g., phosphate buffered saline). Otherexemplary carriers include sterile saline, lactose, sucrose, maltose,and water. The selection of the carrier is not a limitation of thepresent invention. Optionally, the compositions of the invention maycontain, in addition to the rAAV and carrier(s), other conventionalpharmaceutical ingredients, such as preservatives, or chemicalstabilizers.

Methods for using these rAAV, e.g., for passive immunization aredescribed, e.g., in WO 2012/145572. Other methods of delivery and useswill be apparent to one of skill in the art. For example, a regimen asdescribed herein may comprise, in addition to one or more of thecombinations described herein, further combination with one or more of abiological drug, a small molecule drug, a chemotherapeutic agent, immuneenhancers, radiation, surgery, and the like. A biological drug asdescribed herein, is based on a peptide, polypeptide, protein, enzyme,nucleic acid molecule, vector (including viral vectors), or the like.

In a combination therapy, the AAV-delivered immunoglobulin constructdescribed herein is administered before, during, or after commencingtherapy with another agent, as well as any combination thereof, i.e.,before and during, before and after, during and after, or before, duringand after commencing the therapy. For example, the AAV can beadministered between 1 and 30 days, preferably 3 and 20 days, morepreferably between 5 and 12 days before commencing radiation therapy. Inanother embodiment of the invention, chemotherapy is administeredconcurrently with or, more preferably, subsequent to AAV-mediatedimmunoglobulin (antibody) therapy. In still other embodiments, thecompositions of the invention may be combined with other biologics,e.g., recombinant monoclonal antibody drugs, antibody-drug conjugates,or the like. Further, combinations of different AAV-deliveredimmunoglobulin constructs such as are discussed above may be used insuch regimens.

Any suitable method or route can be used to administer AAV-containingcompositions as described herein, and optionally, to co-administer otheractive drugs or therapies in conjunction with the AAV-mediatedantibodies described herein. Routes of administration include, forexample, systemic, oral, intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, orintramuscular administration.

Targets for the immunoglobulin constructs described herein may beselected from a variety of pathogens, including, e.g., bacterial, viral,fungal and parasitic infectious agents. Suitable targets may furtherinclude cancer or cancer-associated antigens, or the like. Still othertargets may include an autoimmune condition such as rheumatoid arthritis(RA) or multiple sclerosis (MS).

Examples of viral targets include influenza virus from theorthomyxovirudae family, which includes: Influenza A, Influenza B, andInfluenza C. The type A viruses are the most virulent human pathogens.The serotypes of influenza A which have been associated with pandemicsinclude, H1N1, which caused Spanish Flu in 1918, and Swine Flu in 2009;H2N2, which caused Asian Flu in 1957; H3N2, which caused Hong Kong Fluin 1968; H5N1, which caused Bird Flu in 2004; H7N7; H1N2; H9N2; H7N2;H7N3; and H10N7.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza A have been described.As used herein, a “broadly neutralizing antibody” refers to aneutralizing antibody which can neutralize multiple strains frommultiple subtypes. For example, CR6261 [The Scripps Institute/Crucell]has been described as a monoclonal antibody that binds to a broad rangeof the influenza virus including the 1918 “Spanish flu” (SC1918/H1) andto a virus of the H5N1 class of avian influenza that jumped fromchickens to a human in Vietnam in 2004 (Viet04/H5). CR6261 recognizes ahighly conserved helical region in the membrane-proximal stem ofhemagglutinin, the predominant protein on the surface of the influenzavirus. This antibody is described in WO 2010/130636, incorporated byreference herein. Another neutralizing antibody, F10 [XOMA Ltd] has beendescribed as being useful against H1N1 and H5N1. [Sui et al, NatureStructural and Molecular Biology (Sui, et al. 2009, 16(3):265-73)] Otherantibodies against influenza, e.g., Fab28 and Fab49, may be selected.See, e.g., WO 2010/140114 and WO 2009/115972, which are incorporated byreference. Still other antibodies, such as those described in WO2010/010466, US Published Patent Publication US/2011/076265, and WO2008/156763, may be readily selected.

Other target pathogenic viruses include, arenaviruses (including funin,machupo, and Lassa), filoviruses (including Marburg and Ebola),hantaviruses, picornaviridae (including rhinoviruses, echovirus),coronaviruses, paramyxovirus, morbillivirus, respiratory syncytialvirus, togavirus, coxsackievirus, parvovirus B19, parainfluenza,adenoviruses, reoviruses, variola (Variola major (Smallpox)) andVaccinia (Cowpox) from the poxvirus family, and varicella-zoster(pseudorabies).

Viral hemorrhagic fevers are caused by members of the arenavirus family(Lassa fever) (which family is also associated with Lymphocyticchoriomeningitis (LCM)), filovirus (ebola virus), and hantavirus(puremala). The members of picornavirus (a subfamily of rhinoviruses),are associated with the common cold in humans. The coronavirus familyincludes a number of non-human viruses such as infectious bronchitisvirus (poultry), porcine transmissible gastroenteric virus (pig),porcine hemagglutinatin encephalomyelitis virus (pig), feline infectiousperitonitis virus (cat), feline enteric coronavirus (cat), caninecoronavirus (dog). The human respiratory coronaviruses, have beenputatively associated with the common cold, non-A, B or C hepatitis, andsudden acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The paramyxovirus familyincludes parainfluenza Virus Type 1, parainfluenza Virus Type 3, bovineparainfluenza Virus Type 3, rubulavirus (mumps virus), parainfluenzaVirus Type 2, parainfluenza virus Type 4, Newcastle disease virus(chickens), rinderpest, morbillivirus, which includes measles and caninedistemper, and pneumovirus, which includes respiratory syncytial virus(RSV). The parvovirus family includes feline parvovirus (felineenteritis), feline panleucopeniavirus, canine parvovirus, and porcineparvovirus. The adenovirus family includes viruses (EX, AD7, ARD, O.B.)which cause respiratory disease.

A neutralizing antibody construct against a bacterial pathogen may alsobe selected for use in the present invention. In one embodiment, theneutralizing antibody construct is directed against the bacteria itself.In another embodiment, the neutralizing antibody construct is directedagainst a toxin produced by the bacteria. Examples of airborne bacterialpathogens include, e.g., Neisseria meningitidis (meningitis), Klebsiellapneumonia (pneumonia), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (pneumonia), Pseudomonaspseudomallei (pneumonia), Pseudomonas mallei (pneumonia), Acinetobacter(pneumonia), Moraxella catarrhalis, Moraxella lacunata, Alkaligenes,Cardiobacterium, Haemophilus influenzae (flu), Haemophilusparainfluenzae, Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough), Francisellatularensis (pneumonia/fever), Legionella pneumonia (Legionnairesdisease), Chlamydia psittaci (pneumonia), Chlamydia pneumoniae(pneumonia), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tuberculosis (TB)),Mycobacterium kansasii (TB), Mycobacterium avium (pneumonia), Nocardiaasteroides (pneumonia), Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), Staphylococcusaureus (pneumonia), Streptococcus pyogenes (scarlet fever),Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumonia), Corynebacteria diphtheria(diphtheria), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (pneumonia).

The causative agent of anthrax is a toxin produced by Bacillusanthracis. Neutralizing antibodies against protective agent (PA), one ofthe three peptides which form the toxoid, have been described. The othertwo polypeptides consist of lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF).Anti-PA neutralizing antibodies have been described as being effectivein passively immunization against anthrax. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No.7,442,373; R. Sawada-Hirai et al, J Immune Based Ther Vaccines. 2004; 2:5. (on-line 2004 May 12). Still other anti-anthrax toxin neutralizingantibodies have been described and/or may be generated. Similarly,neutralizing antibodies against other bacteria and/or bacterial toxinsmay be used to generate an AAV-delivered anti-pathogen construct asdescribed herein.

Other infectious diseases may be caused by airborne fungi including,e.g., Aspergillus species, Absidia corymbifera, Rhixpus stolonifer,Mucor plumbeaus, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasm capsulatum,Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, Penicillium species,Micropolyspora faeni, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Alternaria alternate,Cladosporium species, Helminthosporium, and Stachybotrys species.

In addition, passive immunization may be used to prevent fungalinfections (e.g., athlete's foot), ringworm, or viruses, bacteria,parasites, fungi, and other pathogens which can be transmitted by directcontact. In addition, a variety of conditions which affect householdpets, cattle and other livestock, and other animals. For example, indogs, infection of the upper respiratory tract by canine sinonasalaspergillosis causes significant disease. In cats, upper respiratorydisease or feline respiratory disease complex originating in the nosecauses morbidity and mortality if left untreated. Cattle are prone toinfections by the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (commonly called IBRor red nose) is an acute, contagious virus disease of cattle. Inaddition, cattle are prone to Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV)which causes mild to severe respiratory disease and can impairresistance to other diseases. Still other pathogens and diseases will beapparent to one of skill in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,811,524,which describes generation of anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)neutralizing antibodies. The techniques described therein are applicableto other pathogens. Such an antibody may be used intact or its sequences(scaffold) modified to generate an artificial or recombinantneutralizing antibody construct. Such methods have been described [see,e.g., WO 2010/13036; WO 2009/115972; WO 2010/140114].

Anti-neoplastic immunoglobulins as described herein may target a humanepidermal growth factor receptor (HER), such as HER2. For example,trastuzumab is a recombinant IgG1 kappa, humanized monoclonal antibodythat selectively binds with high affinity in a cell-based assay (Kd=5nM) to the extracellular domain of the human epidermal growth factorreceptor protein. The commercially available product is produced in CHOcell culture. See, e.g., www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00072. The amino acidsequences of the trastuzumab light chains 1 and 2 and heavy chains 1 and2, as well as sequences obtained from a study of the x-ray structure oftrastuzumab, are provided on this database at accession number DB00072,which sequences are incorporated herein by reference. See, also,212-Pb-TCMC-trastuzumab [Areva Med, Bethesda, Md.]. Another antibody ofinterest includes, e.g., pertuzumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonalantibody that targets the extracellular dimerization domain (SubdomainII) of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 protein (HER2). Itconsists of two heavy chains and two lights chains that have 448 and 214residues respectively. FDA approved Jun. 8, 2012. The amino acidsequences of its heavy chain and light chain are provided, e.g., inwww.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB06366 (synonyms include 2C4, MOAB 2C4,monoclonal antibody 2C4, and rhuMAb-2C4) on this database at accessionnumber DB06366. In addition to HER2, other HER targets may be selected.

For example, MM-121/SAR256212 is a fully human monoclonal antibody thattargets the HER3 receptor [Merrimack's Network Biology] and which hasbeen reported to be useful in the treatment of non-small cell lungcancer (NSCLC), breast cancer and ovarian cancer. SAR256212 is aninvestigational fully human monoclonal antibody that targets the HER3(ErbB3) receptor [Sanofi Oncology]. Another anti-Her3/EGFR antibody isRG7597 [Genentech], described as being useful in head and neck cancers.Another antibody, margetuximab (or MGAH22), a next-generation,Fc-optimized monoclonal antibody (mAb) that targets HER [MacroGenics],may also be utilized.

Alternatively, other human epithelial cell surface markers and/or othertumor receptors or antigens may be targeted. Examples of other cellsurface marker targets include, e.g., 5T4, CA-125, CEA (e.g., targetedby labetuzumab), CD3, CD19, CD20 (e.g., targeted by rituximab), CD22(e.g., targeted by epratuzumab or veltuzumab), CD30, CD33, CD40, CD44,CD51 (also integrin avf33), CD133 (e.g., glioblastoma cells), CTLA-4(e.g., Ipilimumab used in treatment of, e.g., neuroblastoma)), Chemokine(C-X-C Motif) Receptor 2 (CXCR2) (expressed in different regions inbrain; e.g., Anti-CXCR2 (extracellular) antibody #ACR-012 (AlomeneLabs)); EpCAM, fibroblast activation protein (FAP) [see, e.g., WO2012020006 A2, brain cancers], folate receptor alpha (e.g., pediatricependymal brain tumors, head and neck cancers), fibroblast growth factorreceptor 1 (FGFR1) (see, et al, WO2012125124A1 for discussion treatmentof cancers with anti-FGFR1 antibodies), FGFR2 (see, e.g., antibodiesdescribed in WO2013076186A and WO2011143318A2), FGFR3 (see, e.g.,antibodies described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,187,601 and WO2010111367A1),FGFR4 (see, e.g., anti-FGFR4 antibodies described in WO2012138975A1),hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (see, e.g., antibodies inWO2010119991A3), integrin α₅β₁, IGF-1 receptor, gangioloside GD2 (see,e.g., antibodies described in WO2011160119A2), ganglioside GD3,transmembrane glycoprotein NMB (GPNMB) (associated with gliomas, amongothers and target of the antibody glembatumumab (CR011), mucin, MUC1,phosphatidylserine (e.g., targeted by bavituximab, PeregrinePharmaceuticals, Inc], prostatic carcinoma cells, PD-L1 (e.g., nivolumab(BMS-936558, MDX-1106, ONO-4538), a fully human gG4, e.g., metastaticmelanoma], platelet-derived growth factor receptor, alpha (PDGFR α) orCD140, tumor associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72), tenascin C, tumornecrosis factor (TNF) receptor (TRAIL-R2), vascular endothelial growthfactor (VEGF)-A (e.g., targeted by bevacizumab) and VEGFR2 (e.g.,targeted by ramucirumab).

Other antibodies and their targets include, e.g., APN301 (hu14.19-IL2),a monoclonal antibody [malignant melanoma and neuroblastoma in children,Apeiron Biolgics, Vienna, Austria]. See, also, e.g., monoclonalantibody, 8H9, which has been described as being useful for thetreatment of solid tumors, including metastatic brain cancer. Themonoclonal antibody 8H9 is a mouse IgG1 antibody with specificity forthe B7H3 antigen [United Therapeutics Corporation]. This mouse antibodycan be humanized Still other immunoglobulin constructs targeting theB7-H3 and/or the B7-H4 antigen may be used in the invention. Anotherantibody is S58 (anti-GD2, neuroblastoma). Cotara™ [PerregrincePharmaceuticals] is a monoclonal antibody described for treatment ofrecurrent glioblastoma. Other antibodies may include, e.g., avastin,ficlatuzumab, medi-575, and olaratumab. Still other immunoglobulinconstructs or monoclonal antibodies may be selected for use in theinvention. See, e.g., Medicines in Development Biologics, 2013 Report,pp. 1-87, a publication of PhRMA's Communications & Public AffairsDepartment. (202) 835-3460, which is incorporated by reference herein.

For example, immunogens may be selected from a variety of viralfamilies. Example of viral families against which an immune responsewould be desirable include, the picornavirus family, which includes thegenera rhinoviruses, which are responsible for about 50% of cases of thecommon cold; the genera enteroviruses, which include polioviruses,coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and human enteroviruses such as hepatitisA virus; and the genera apthoviruses, which are responsible for foot andmouth diseases, primarily in non-human animals. Within the picornavirusfamily of viruses, target antigens include the VP1, VP2, VP3, VP4, andVPG. Another viral family includes the calcivirus family, whichencompasses the Norwalk group of viruses, which are an importantcausative agent of epidemic gastroenteritis. Still another viral familydesirable for use in targeting antigens for inducing immune responses inhumans and non-human animals is the togavirus family, which includes thegenera alphavirus, which include Sindbis viruses, RossRiver virus, andVenezuelan, Eastern & Western Equine encephalitis, and rubivirus,including Rubella virus. The flaviviridae family includes dengue, yellowfever, Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis and tick borneencephalitis viruses. Other target antigens may be generated from theHepatitis C or the coronavirus family, which includes a number ofnon-human viruses such as infectious bronchitis virus (poultry), porcinetransmissible gastroenteric virus (pig), porcine hemagglutinatingencephalomyelitis virus (pig), feline infectious peritonitis virus(cats), feline enteric coronavirus (cat), canine coronavirus (dog), andhuman respiratory coronaviruses, which may cause the common cold and/ornon-A, B or C hepatitis. Within the coronavirus family, target antigensinclude the E1 (also called M or matrix protein), E2 (also called S orSpike protein), E3 (also called HE or hemagglutin-elterose) glycoprotein(not present in all coronaviruses), or N (nucleocapsid). Still otherantigens may be targeted against the rhabdovirus family, which includesthe genera vesiculovirus (e.g., Vesicular Stomatitis Virus), and thegeneral lyssavirus (e.g., rabies).

Within the rhabdovirus family, suitable antigens may be derived from theG protein or the N protein. The family filoviridae, which includeshemorrhagic fever viruses such as Marburg and Ebola virus, may be asuitable source of antigens. The paramyxovirus family includesparainfluenza Virus Type 1, parainfluenza Virus Type 3, bovineparainfluenza Virus Type 3, rubulavirus (mumps virus), parainfluenzaVirus Type 2, parainfluenza virus Type 4, Newcastle disease virus(chickens), rinderpest, morbillivirus, which includes measles and caninedistemper, and pneumovirus, which includes respiratory syncytial virus.The influenza virus is classified within the family orthomyxovirus andis a suitable source of antigen (e.g., the HA protein, the N1 protein).The bunyavirus family includes the genera bunyavirus (Californiaencephalitis, La Crosse), phlebovirus (Rift Valley Fever), hantavirus(puremala is a hemahagin fever virus), nairovirus (Nairobi sheepdisease) and various unassigned bunyaviruses. The arenavirus familyprovides a source of antigens against LCM and Lassa fever virus. Thereovirus family includes the genera reovirus, rotavirus (which causesacute gastroenteritis in children), orbiviruses, and cultivirus(Colorado Tick fever, Lebombo (humans), equine encephalosis, bluetongue).

The retrovirus family includes the sub-family oncorivirinal whichencompasses such human and veterinary diseases as feline leukemia virus,HTLVI and HTLVII, lentivirinal (which includes human immunodeficiencyvirus (HIV), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), felineimmunodeficiency virus (FIV), equine infectious anemia virus, andspumavirinal). Among the lentiviruses, many suitable antigens have beendescribed and can readily be selected as targets. Examples of suitableHIV and SIV antigens include, without limitation the gag, pol, Vif, Vpx,VPR, Env, Tat, Nef, and Rev proteins, as well as various fragmentsthereof. For example, suitable fragments of the Env protein may includeany of its subunits such as the gp120, gp160, gp41, or smaller fragmentsthereof, e.g., of at least about 8 amino acids in length. Similarly,fragments of the tat protein may be selected. [See, U.S. Pat. No.5,891,994 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,193,981.] See, also, the HIV and SIVproteins described in D. H. Barouch et al, J. Virol., 75(5):2462-2467(March 2001), and R. R. Amara, et al, Science, 292:69-74 (6 Apr. 2001).In another example, the HIV and/or SIV immunogenic proteins or peptidesmay be used to form fusion proteins or other immunogenic molecules. See,e.g., the HIV-1 Tat and/or Nef fusion proteins and immunization regimensdescribed in WO 01/54719, published Aug. 2, 2001, and WO 99/16884,published Apr. 8, 1999. The invention is not limited to the HIV and/orSIV immunogenic proteins or peptides described herein. In addition, avariety of modifications to these proteins has been described or couldreadily be made by one of skill in the art. See, e.g., the modified gagprotein that is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,972,596.

The papovavirus family includes the sub-family polyomaviruses (BKU andJCU viruses) and the sub-family papillomavirus (associated with cancersor malignant progression of papilloma). The adenovirus family includesviruses (EX, AD7, ARD, O.B.) which cause respiratory disease and/orenteritis. The parvovirus family includes feline parvovirus (felineenteritis), feline panleucopeniavirus, canine parvovirus, and porcineparvovirus. The herpesvirus family includes the sub-familyalphaherpesvirinae, which encompasses the genera simplexvirus (HSVI,HSVII), varicellovirus (pseudorabies, varicella zoster) and thesub-family betaherpesvirinae, which includes the genera cytomegalovirus(HCMV, muromegalovirus) and the sub-family gammaherpesvirinae, whichincludes the genera lymphocryptovirus, EBV (Burkitts lymphoma),infectious rhinotracheitis, Marek's disease virus, and rhadinovirus. Thepoxvirus family includes the sub-family chordopoxvirinae, whichencompasses the genera orthopoxvirus (Variola (Smallpox) and Vaccinia(Cowpox)), parapoxvirus, avipoxvirus, capripoxvirus, leporipoxvirus,suipoxvirus, and the sub-family entomopoxvirinae. The hepadnavirusfamily includes the Hepatitis B virus. One unclassified virus which maybe suitable source of antigens is the Hepatitis delta virus. Still otherviral sources may include avian infectious bursal disease virus andporcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus. The alphavirusfamily includes equine arteritis virus and various Encephalitis viruses.

Other pathogenic targets for antibodies may include, e.g., bacteria,fungi, parasitic microorganisms or multicellular parasites which infecthuman and non-human vertebrates, or from a cancer cell or tumor cell.Examples of bacterial pathogens include pathogenic gram-positive cocciinclude pneumococci; staphylococci; and streptococci. Pathogenicgram-negative cocci include meningococcus; gonococcus. Pathogenicenteric gram-negative bacilli include enterobacteriaceae; pseudomonas,acinetobacteria and eikenella; melioidosis; salmonella; shigella;haemophilus; moraxella; H. ducreyi (which causes chancroid); brucella;Franisella tularensis (which causes tularemia); yersinia (pasteurella);streptobacillus moniliformis and spirillum; Gram-positive bacilliinclude listeria monocytogenes; erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae;Corynebacterium diphtheria (diphtheria); cholera; B. anthracis(anthrax); donovanosis (granuloma inguinale); and bartonellosis.Diseases caused by pathogenic anaerobic bacteria include tetanus;botulism; other clostridia; tuberculosis; leprosy; and othermycobacteria. Pathogenic spirochetal diseases include syphilis;treponematoses: yaws, pinta and endemic syphilis; and leptospirosis.Other infections caused by higher pathogen bacteria and pathogenic fungiinclude actinomycosis; nocardiosis; cryptococcosis, blastomycosis,histoplasmosis and coccidioidomycosis; candidiasis, aspergillosis, andmucormycosis; sporotrichosis; paracoccidiodomycosis, petriellidiosis,torulopsosis, mycetoma and chromomycosis; and dermatophytosis.Rickettsial infections include Typhus fever, Rocky Mountain spottedfever, Q fever, and Rickettsialpox. Examples of mycoplasma andchlamydial infections include: mycoplasma pneumoniae; lymphogranulomavenereum; psittacosis; and perinatal chlamydial infections. Pathogeniceukaryotes encompass pathogenic protozoa and helminthes and infectionsproduced thereby include: amebiasis; malaria; leishmaniasis;trypanosomiasis; toxoplasmosis; Pneumocystis carinii; Trichans;Toxoplasma gondii; babesiosis; giardiasis; trichinosis; filariasis;schistosomiasis; nematodes; trematodes or flukes; and cestode (tapeworm)infections.

Many of these organisms and/or toxins produced thereby have beenidentified by the Centers for Disease Control [(CDC), Department ofHealth and Human Services, USA], as agents which have potential for usein biological attacks. For example, some of these biological agents,include, Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), Clostridium botulinum and itstoxin (botulism), Yersinia pestis (plague), variola major (smallpox),Francisella tularensis (tularemia), and viral hemorrhagic fevers[filoviruses (e.g., Ebola, Marburg], and arenaviruses [e.g., Lassa,Machupo]), all of which are currently classified as Category A agents;Coxiella burnetti (Q fever); Brucella species (brucellosis),Burkholderia mallei (glanders), Burkholderia pseudomallei (meloidosis),Ricinus communis and its toxin (ricin toxin), Clostridium perfringensand its toxin (epsilon toxin), Staphylococcus species and their toxins(enterotoxin B), Chlamydia psittaci (psittacosis), water safety threats(e.g., Vibrio cholerae, Crytosporidium parvum), Typhus fever (Richettsiapowazekii), and viral encephalitis (alphaviruses, e.g., Venezuelanequine encephalitis; eastern equine encephalitis; western equineencephalitis); all of which are currently classified as Category Bagents; and Nipan virus and hantaviruses, which are currently classifiedas Category C agents. In addition, other organisms, which are soclassified or differently classified, may be identified and/or used forsuch a purpose in the future. It will be readily understood that theviral vectors and other constructs described herein are useful to targetantigens from these organisms, viruses, their toxins or otherby-products, which will prevent and/or treat infection or other adversereactions with these biological agents.

The following examples are illustrative only and are not a limitation onthe invention described herein.

Example 1: Generation of Vectors Containing Full-Length AntibodyCo-Expression Cassettes

A series of cis-plasmids were prepared for use in generating an AAVviral particle containing a nucleic acid molecule for delivery to a hosttarget cell. The nucleic acid molecules comprise AAV2 5′ and 3′ ITRsequences at each terminus, a shared CMV enhancer flanked by twoexpression cassettes in opposite orientations, where a first expressioncassette is controlled by a first minimal CMV promoter and a secondexpression cassette is controlled by a second minimal CMV promoter. Allsequences located between AAV2 ITRs were de novo synthesized by acommercial vendor (GeneArt). All coding sequences for immunoglobulinvariable domains were flanked with the unique restriction enzymes toallow convenient shuttling of the desired variable domains. To createconstructs with heterologous light chain sequence (kgl), a codingsequence encoding germline light chain (IGKV4-1*01) was de novosynthesized and used to replace FI6 variable light sequence.

An exemplary antibody co-expression shuttle is illustrated in FIG. 2.This shuttle contains to the left of the enhancer a first expressioncassette which contains, from right to left, a CMV minimal promoter, aheterologous IL2 leader sequence linked to an anti-TSG101 antibody (1A6)variable heavy (VH) domain, a CH′1 domain, and a CH′2-3 domain which hasbeen optimized for expression in humans, and a synthetic polyA. To theright of the enhancer is located a CMV minimal promoter, a heterologousIL2 leader sequence, a FI6k2 (anti-influenza antibody) light chainvariable domain and a light chain constant domain, furin cleavage site,the 2a linker from the foot-and-mouth disease virus, an IL2 leadersequence, the FI6v3 VH, CH1, CH2-3, and a thymidine kinase short polyAsequence. CH designations refer to the known antibody allotype G1m17,1.

SEQ ID NO: 1 provides sequences of the FI6 constant regions. The aminoacid sequences of the FI6 amino acid light chain is provided in SEQ IDNO: 2.

The cis-plasmid of FIG. 2 was used in a triple transfection method aspreviously described in, e.g., in U.S. patent application Ser. No.12/226,558, to generate AAV8 and AAV9 vectors which were used insubsequent studies described herein. The resulting plasmid, pN509_ACEFi6-1A6 MAB_p3160, is 7722 bp in length, the sequence of which isprovided in SEQ ID NO: 3, which is incorporated herein by referencetogether with its features. The encoded sequences for the FI6 variablelight (VL) chain [SEQ ID NO:4], FI6 variable heavy [SEQ ID NO: 5], CH1(SEQ ID NO: 6), CH2-3 [SEQ ID NO: 7] are also provided.

Similar antibody co-expression cis-plasmids were generated by subcloninga seasonal flu antibody (CR8033) or a pandemic flu antibody (C05), or ananti-M2e antibody (TCN-032) in the place of 1A6 heavy variable domain inFIG. 2 using pre-positioned unique restriction sites that allow easyshuffling of the variable domains. These cis-plasmids were in turn usedin triple transfection (e.g., performed as described in U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 12/226,588) to generate AAV8 and AAV9 vectors usedfor subsequent studies. Sequences for the pN510_ACE Fi6-C05 MAB shuttleare provided in SEQ ID NO:8; the amino acids sequence of the variablelight chain is provided in SEQ ID NO: 9, the constant light is providedin SEQ ID NO: 10, the FI6 variable heavy chain is provided in SEQ ID NO:11, the CH1 is provided in SEQ ID NO:12 and the CH2-3 is provide in SEQID NO: 13. Sequences for the pN514_ACE Fi6-C05 MAB shuttle are providedin SEQ ID NO:19; the amino acids sequence of the constant light isprovided in SEQ ID NO: 20, the FI6 variable heavy chain is provided inSEQ ID NO: 21, the CH1 is provided in SEQ ID NO:22 and the CH2-3 isprovide in SEQ ID NO: 23. These shuttles were in turn used to generateAAV8 and AAV9 vectors which were used for subsequent studies.

Example 2: Characterization of Products Expressed from AAV8 VectorsCo-Expressing F16 Monoclonal Antibody (mAb) and IA6 mAb

A series of ELISA assays were performed to characterize expressionlevels and to assess binding of the FI6 MAB co-expressed with the IA6MAB from the cis plasmid generated as described in Example 1 aftertransfection into HEK 293 cells. TSG101 peptide was synthesized usingf-Moc chemistry by Mimotopes. All flu antigens were procured from acommercial supplier, ImmuneTechnologies, Inc. ProteinA was purchasedfrom Sigma-Aldrich and was used to monitor expression of total humanIgG1. Detection of human IgG1 in tissue culture supernatants wasmeasured by either antigen-specific or proteinA capture ELISA. Highbinding ELISA plates were coated with 2 μg/ml of HA proteins orpeptides, or with 5 μg/ml proteinA diluted in PBS and incubatedovernight at 4° C. Wells were washed 5-8 times and blocked with 1 mMEDTA, 5% heat inactivated PBS, 0.07% Tween 20 in PBS for one hour atroom temperature. Tissue culture supernatants were added to the platesat various dilutions in duplicates and incubated at 37° C. for one hour.Plates were washed, blocked, and Bio-SP-conjugated Affinipures GoatAnti-Human IgG antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc., WestGrove, Pa., USA) was added at a 1:10,000 dilution. After one hour,plates were washed and streptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase(HRP) was added at a 1:30,000 dilution. After one hour, plates werewashed 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was added. The reaction wasstopped after 30 minutes at room temperature using 2N sulfuric acid andplates were read at 450 nm using a BioTek μQuant plate reader (Winooski,Vt., USA).

As expected, no binding is observed of FI6 to the TSG101 peptide, the HA(B/Malaysia/2506/2/004), or the HA (Head region only of influenza strainA/Brisbane/59/2007). FI6 binding is observed for this same strain ofinfluenza when the full-length HA is present, as well as for influenzastrain HA(dTM)(A/Beijing/01/2009, H1N1)). As expected, FI6 binding isalso observed for Protein A.

According to published reports, FI6 produced according to prior artmethods binds to full-length HA and to HA stem, but not to the head onlyregion. These data demonstrate that the co-expressed FI6 monoclonalantibody retains its characteristic binding profile.

Example 3: Characterization of Products Expressed from AAV8 VectorsCo-Expressing Fi6 Monoclonal Antibody (mAb) and Pandemic Flu mAb C05

The possibility of differential detection of two different monoclonalantibodies was assessed in a capture assay. Monoclonal antibodies FI6and C05 co-expressed from a cis-plasmid prepared as described in Example1 and transfected into HEK293 cells were assessed for binding. FI6 isexpected to bind to full-length HA and to HA stem, but not to the headonly region. The results of the binding study illustrated in FIG. 3demonstrate that the co-expressed antibodies retain their characteristicbinding. More particularly, binding to full-length HA and the HA stemcharacteristic of FI6 is observed and binding to HA and HA head only (nostem) characteristic of C05 is also observed. ELISA assays wereperformed as described in Example 2.

Example 4: Characterization of Products Expressed from AAV8 VectorsCo-Expressing Fi6 Monoclonal Antibody (mAb) and a Second Full-Length mAb

6-8 weeks old male RAG KO mice (The Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor, Me.,USA) were housed under pathogen-free conditions at the University ofPennsylvania's Translational Research Laboratories. All animalprocedures and protocols were approved by the Institutional Animal Careand Use Committee. Mice were sacrificed by carbon dioxide asphyxiationand death was confirmed by cervical dislocation. For vectoradministration, mice were anaesthetized with a mixture of 70 mg/kg ofbody weight ketamine and 7 mg/kg of body weight xylazine byintraperitoneal (IP) injection. Vectors were diluted in phosphatebuffered saline (PBS) and IM injections were performed using a Hamiltonsyringe. Serum was collected weekly via retro-orbital bleeds.

Detection of human IgG1 in tissue culture supernatants was measured byproteinA capture ELISA. High binding ELISA plates were coated with 5μg/ml proteinA diluted in PBS and incubated overnight at 4° C. Wellswere washed 5-8 times and blocked with 1 mM EDTA, 5% heat inactivatedPBS, 0.07% Tween 20 in PBS. Mouse serum samples were heat inactivatedand added to the plates at various dilutions in duplicates and incubatedat 37° C. for one hour. Plates were washed, blocked, andBio-SP-conjugated Affinipures Goat Anti-Human IgG antibody (JacksonImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc., West Grove, Pa., USA) was added at a1:10,000 dilution. After one hour, plates were washed and incubated withstreptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) at a 1:30,000dilution. After one hour, plates were washed3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was added. The reaction was stoppedafter 30 minutes at room temperature using 2N sulfuric acid and plateswere read at 450 nm using a BioTek μQuant plate reader (Winooski, Vt.,USA).

FIG. 5 illustrates systemic expression levels for total human IgG1 inmice administered an AAV vector co-expressing FI6 with IA6 antibody.Mice were injected intramuscularly at doses of 1×10¹¹ genome copies (GC)or 1×10¹⁰ GC. Expression levels were assessed at day 7, 15, 21, 28, 34,42, 49 and 56 and measured at a concentration of micrograms/mL. A dosedependent increase in expression was observed.

Example 5: Characterization of Products Expressed from AAV8 VectorsCo-Expressing Fi6 Monoclonal Antibody (mAb) and Three DifferentFull-Length Monoclonal Antibodies

The tables below showing expression levels in mice administered an AAVvector co-expressing FI6 with full-length CR8033, C05, or 1A6 monoclonalantibody. RAG knock-out (KO) mice were injected intramuscularly at dosesof 1×10¹¹ genome copies (GC) or 1×10¹⁰ GC as described in the previousexample Expression levels were assessed weekly at days 7, 15, 21, 28,34, 42, and 49 and measured at a concentration of micrograms/mL. A dosedependent increase in expression was observed for expressed antibodies.The capture antigen used for the assay is Protein A ELISA as describedin the previous example

Test Fi6v3k2 mAb + CR8033 mAb Article 1.00 × 10¹¹ 1.00 × 10¹⁰ Doseaverage stdev. average stdev. Day 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Day 7 2.92 0.480.04 0.07 Day 14 18.30 4.79 1.24 0.66 Day 21 33.69 7.45 2.09 0.88 Day 2843.38 10.92 2.84 1.81 Day 35 66.45 16.61 4.47 1.86 Day 42 64.25 12.064.37 2.35 Day 49 51.36 11.90 3.57 1.52

Test Fi6v3k2 mAb + CO5 mAb Article 1.00 × 10¹¹ 1.00 × 10¹⁰ Dose averagestdev. average stdev. Day 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Day 7 1.73 0.42 0.000.00 Day 14 9.95 3.39 0.24 0.22 Day 21 24.74 11.66 0.81 0.24 Day 2822.32 4.77 1.11 0.17 Day 35 31.67 7.93 1.53 0.28 Day 42 34.69 14.46 1.830.29 Day 49 26.14 5.85 1.46 0.49

Test Fi6v3k2 mAb + 1A6 mAb Article 1.00 × 10¹¹ 1.00 × 10¹⁰ Dose averagestdev. average stdev. Day 0 0 0 0 0 Day 7 2.70 0.75 0 0 Day 14 5.01 0.061.58 .055 Day 21 30.16 13.31 1.71 0.52 Day 28 38.18 15.99 2.16 0.59 Day35 55.18 18.52 4.09 1.53 Day 42 50.49 16.61 3.69 0.94 Day 49 46.66 15.593.73 1.09

Example 6: Anti-Viral Effect is Conferred by Dual Full-Length AntibodiesExpressed from a Single AAV9 and/or AAV8 Vector Intramuscularly

A. AAV9.BiD.FI6_CR8033mAb and Influenza A Challenge

BALB/c mice were injected with AAV9.BiD.FI6_CR8033mAb deliveredintramuscularly (IM) at 1×10¹¹ GC. Two weeks later the mice werechallenged intranasally with 5LD50 of mouse adapted PR8 (influenza A).The circle represents the AAV9 construct with a bidirectional promoterexpressing synthetic FI6 and CR8033 monoclonal antibodies having thesame heterologous light chain. The square represents a positive control,i.e., AAV9 expressing a single antibody type FI6 also delivered at1×10¹¹ GC, and the triangle represents naïve animals FIG. 6B showssurvival post-challenge. Administration of the AAV9.BiD.FI6_CR8033mAb at10¹¹ GC/mouse dose allowed partial protection with a significant delayin the weight loss.

B. AAV9.BiD.FI6_CR8033mAb and Influenza B Challenge

For AAV9 vector injection: BALB/c female mice were anesthetized by anintramuscular injection of a 100 mg/kg ketamine/10 mg/kg xylazinemixture in PBS, and AAV9.BiD.FI6_CR8033mAb vector was injectedintramuscularly (IM) at 1×10¹¹ GC per mouse. BiD vector was compared toan AAV9 expressing a single antibody type CR8033 also delivered at1×10¹¹ GC, and a negative control (naïve animals). FIG. 7B showssurvival post-challenge. For influenza challenge, two weeks after vectortreatment, AAV-treated and naïve BALB/c mice were weighed and tailscolor-coded, anesthetized as described above, suspended by their dorsalincisors with their hind limbs supported on a platform, and administeredintranasally with 5LD50 of B/Lee/40 (influenza B) in a total volume of50 μl of PBS as described above. Mice were then weighed daily andmonitored for signs of disease or distress. Animals that exhibitedbehavioral signs of distress or lost 30% of their initial body weightwere euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation.

FIG. 7A is a line graph showing percent change in weight. These datashow that full protective effect was conferred by the dual expressedantibodies at this dose. FIG. 7B shows survival post-challenge.

C. AAV8.F16-TCN032, AAV8.F16-1A6, and AAV8.F16-CR8033 VectorsAdministered IM and Mouse Adapted PR8 Influenza A Challenge.

These vectors were made as described in Example 1. 6-8 weeks old maleRAG KO mice (The Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor, Me., USA) were housedunder pathogen-free conditions at the University of Pennsylvania'sTranslational Research Laboratories. All animal procedures and protocolswere approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Forvector administration, mice were anaesthetized with a mixture of 70mg/kg of body weight ketamine and 7 mg/kg of body weight xylazine byintraperitoneal (IP) injection. Vectors were diluted in phosphatebuffered saline (PBS) and IM injections were performed using a Hamiltonsyringe. Serum was collected weekly via retro-orbital bleeds.

Detection of human IgG1 in tissue culture supernatants was measured byproteinA capture ELISA. High binding ELISA plates were coated with 5μg/ml proteinA diluted in PBS and incubated overnight at 4° C. Wellswere washed 5-8 times and blocked with 1 mM EDTA, 5% heat inactivatedPBS, 0.07% Tween 20 in PBS. Mouse serum samples were heat inactivatedand added to the plates at various dilutions in duplicates and incubatedat 37° C. for one hour. Plates were washed, blocked, andBio-SP-conjugated Affinipures Goat Anti-Human IgG antibody (JacksonImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc., West Grove, Pa., USA) was added at a1:10,000 dilution. After one hour, plates were washed and incubated withstreptavidin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) at a 1:30,000dilution. After one hour, plates were washed3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) was added. The reaction was stoppedafter 30 minutes at room temperature using 2N sulfuric acid and plateswere read at 450 nm using a BioTek μQuant plate reader (Winooski, Vt.,USA).

With reference to FIG. 8C, on all panels, expression levels areindicated on Day 56 after vector administration. Couple days after thelast orbital bleed on Day 56, mice were weighed and tails color-coded,anesthetized as described above, suspended by their dorsal incisors withtheir hind limbs supported on a platform, and administered intranasallywith 5LD₅₀ of mouse adapted PR8 (influenza A) in a total volume of 50 μlof PBS as described above. Mice were then weighed daily and monitoredfor signs of disease or distress. Animals that exhibited behavioralsigns of distress or lost 30% of their initial body weight wereeuthanized by CO₂ asphyxiation and death was confirmed by cervicaldislocation. FIG. 8A shows that systemic expression of as little as 25μg/ml of anti-influenza antibody is sufficient to afford protection inPR8 challenge, but expression of 0.4 μg/ml is insufficient forprotection.

D. AAV9. FI6_IA6 mAbs and Influenza A Challenge

An AAV9 vector expressing artificial FI6 and an anti-HIV immunoadhesin,IA6, were assessed for protection against challenge with influenzA A asdescribed above. FIG. 8B shows that expressing 36.5 μg/ml ofanti-influenza antibody is sufficient to provide complete protectionagainst challenge with PR8. FIG. 8C shows expressing 6.9 ug/ml ofanti-influenza antibodies is not sufficient to protect against PR8challenge.

Example 7—Generation of Vectors Containing Two ImmunoadhesinCo-Expression Cassettes

Using a shuttle vector similar to that illustrated in FIG. 2, vectorscontaining two immunoadhesins have been generated.

In one embodiment, a vector containing FI6 and C05 immunoadhesins wascreated. The sequences from a plasmid carrying the FI6 and C05immunoadhesin expression cassettes are provided in SEQ ID NO: 36; withthe translated encoded sequences provided in SEQ ID NO: 37 (FI6 variableheavy chain), SEQ ID NO: 38 (FI6 variable light chain), and SEQ ID NO:39 (CH2-3). These sequences and their features are incorporated byreference.

In another embodiment, a vector containing FI6 and CR8033 immunoadhesinswas created. The sequences from a plasmid containing the FI6 and CR8033immunoadhesins are provided in SEQ ID NO:40; with the translated encodedsequences provided in SEQ ID NO: 41 (FI6 VH) and SEQ ID NO: 42 (FI6variable light). These sequences and their features are incorporated byreference.

AAV may be generated from the immunoadhesin shuttle plasmids describedabove using techniques known to those of skill in the art.

Additional illustrative shuttle plasmids are as follows.

The sequence of a plasmid pN512_ACE FI6v3kgl-1A6 MAB_p3184 containing akappa germline light chain that is heterologous to the source of bothheavy chains, 1A6 and FI6v3 is provided in SEQ ID NO: 14. The translatedencode sequences are provide in SEQ ID NO: 15 (constant light), SEQ IDNO: 16 (FI6 variable heavy), SEQ ID NO: 17 (CH1), and SEQ ID NO: 18(CH2-3).

The sequences of an intermediate vector which carries the TCN032 heavyand light chain immunoglobulins are provided in SEQ ID NO: 30. Thetranslated amino acid sequences encoded by this plasmid include theTCN032 heavy chain in SEQ ID NO: 31; the CH1 sequence in SEQ ID NO: 32;the F16 VH chain in SEQ ID NO: 33; the CH1 sequence in SEQ ID NO: 34 andthe CH2-3 sequence in SEQ ID NO: 35.

The sequence of a plasmid carrying the TCN032 and F16 heavy chains andco-expressing two antibodies having these specificities is provided inSEQ ID NO: 43. The translated amino acids of the TCN032 variable heavychain are in SEQ ID NO: 44, the CH1 is in SEQ ID NO: 45, thehinge-CH2′-CH3′ is in SEQ ID NO: 46, the Fi6 VH is in SEQ ID NO: 47, theCH1 is in SEQ ID NO: 48, the CH2-3 is in SEQ ID NO: 49, and theampicillin resistance gene is in SEQ ID NO: 50. These sequences andtheir features are incorporated herein by reference.

SEQUENCE LISTING FREE TEXT

The following information is provided for sequences containing free textunder numeric identifier <223>.

SEQ ID NO: (containing Free text free text) under <223> 1 <223>Synthetic sequence encoding FI6 heavy chain <220> <221> CDS <222>(1)..(705) <223> FI6 constant 3 <223> plasmid carrying FI6 and 1A6antibodies <220> <221> polyA_signal <222> (191)..(239) <223>synthetic\polyA <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (246)..(914) <223>complement - CH′2-3 <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (915)..(1235) <223>complement - CH′1 <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1236)..(1598) <223>complement - 1A6\VH <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1599)..(1655) <223>complement - leader <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1734)..(2202) <223>Enhancer <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2388)..(2444) <223> leader<220> <221> CDS <222> (2445)..(2777) <223> FI6\VL <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (3183)..(3242) <223> leader <220> <221> CDS <222>(3243)..(3629) <223> FI6\VH <220> <221> CDS <222> (3630)..(3950) <223>CH1 <220> <221> CDS <222> (3951)..(4619) <223> CH2-3 <220> <221>polyA_signal <222> (4626)..(4703) <223> TKpAshort <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (6995)..(7283) <223> COL\E1 \ Origin 8 <223> Plasmidencoding FI6 and C05 monoclonal antibodies <220> <221> polyA_signal<222> (204)..(252) <223> synthetic\polyA <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(259)..(927) <223> complement - CH′2-3 <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(928)..(1248) <223> complement - CH′1 <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(1251)..(1668) <223> complement - C05\VH <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(1669)..(1719) <223> complement - leader <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(1729)..(1979) <223> complement - CMV\mp2 <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(1798)..(2266) <223> Enhancer <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(2267)..(2392) <223> CMV\mp2 <220> <221> CDS <222> (2509)..(2841) <223>FI6\VL <220> <221> CDS <222> (2842)..(3162) <223> CL <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (3247)..(3306) <223> leader <220> <221> CDS <222>(3307)..(3693) <223> FI6\VH <220> <221> CDS <222> (3694)..(4014) <223>CH1 <220> <221> CDS <222> (4015)..(4683) <223> CH2-3 <220> <221>polyA_signal <222> (4690)..(4767) <223> TKpAshort 14 <223> Plasmidencoding synthetic FI6 and 1A6 monoconals <220> <221> polyA_signal <222>(191)..(239) <223> synthetic\polyA <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(246)..(914) <223> complement - CH′2-3 <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(915)..(1235) <223> complement - CH′1 <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(1236)..(1598) <223> complement - 1A6\VH <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(1599)..(1655) <223> complement - leader <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(1665)..(1733) <223> complement - CMV\mp2 <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(1732)..(2202) <223> Enhancer <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(2203)..(2328) <223> CMV\mp1 <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(2388)..(2444) <223> leader <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(2445)..(2789) <223> KGL <220> <221> CDS <222> (2784)..(3104) <223> CL<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3189)..(3248) <223> leader <220> <221>CDS <222> (3249)..(3635) <223> FI6\VH <220> <221> CDS <222>(3636)..(3956) <223> CH1 <220> <221> CDS <222> (3957)..(4625) <223>CH2-3 <220> <221> polyA_signal <222> (4632)..(4709) <223> TKpAshort 19<223> Plasmid carrying FI6 and CR8033 monoclonals <220> <221>polyA_signal <222> (173)..(221) <223> synthetic\polyA <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (228)..(896) <223> complement - CH′2-3 <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (897)..(1217) <223> complement - CH′1 <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (1218)..(1604) <223> complement - CR8033\VH <220><221> misc_feature <222> (1605)..(1655) <223> complement - leader <220><221> misc_feature <222> (1665)..(1733) <223> complement - CMV\mp2 <220><221> misc_feature <222> (1734)..(2202) <223> Enhancer <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (2203)..(2328) <223> CMV\mp1 <220> <221> misc_feature<222> (2445)..(2789) <223> KGL <220> <221> CDS <222> (2784)..(3104)<223> CL <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3189)..(3248) <223> leader<220> <221> CDS <222> (3249)..(3635) <223> FI6\VH <220> <221> CDS <222>(3636)..(3956) <223> CH1 <220> <221> CDS <222> (3957)..(4625) <223>CH2-3 <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3968)..(3968) <223> A -> T <220><221> polyA_signal <222> (4632)..(4709) <223> TKpAshort 24 <220> <223>Plasmid carrying FI6 and CR8033 monoclonal antibodies <220> <221>polyA_signal <222> (191)..(239) <223> synthetic polyA <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (246)..(914) <223> complement - CH′2-3 <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (915)..(1235) <223> complement - CH′1 <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (1236)..(1622) <223> complement - CR8033\VH <220><221> misc_feature <222> (1623)..(1673) <223> complement - leader <220><221> misc_feature <222> (1683)..(1751) <223> CMV\mp2 <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (1752)..(2220) <223> Enhancer <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (2221)..(2346) <223> CMV\mp1 <220> <221> misc_feature<222> (2406)..(2462) <223> leader <220> <221> CDS <222> (2463)..(2795)<223> FI6\VL <220> <221> CDS <222> (2796)..(3116) <223> CL <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (3201)..(3260) <223> leader <220> <221> CDS <222>(3261)..(3647) <223> FI6\VH <220> <221> CDS <222> (3648)..(3968) <223>CH1 <220> <221> CDS <222> (3969)..(4637) <223> CH2-3 <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (3980)..(3980) <223> A -> T <220> <221> polyA_signal<222> (4644)..(4721) <223> TKpAshort 30 <223> EcoRV <220> <221>polyA_signal <222> (201)..(252) <223> complement - synthetic\polyA <220><221> misc_feature <222> (268)..(588) <223> complement - CL <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (589)..(909) <223> complement - TCN032\VL <220> <221>polyA_signal <222> (910)..(966) <223> complement - leader <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (1026)..(1094) <223> complement - CMV\mp2 <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (1095)..(1563) <223> Enhancer <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (1564)..(1689) <223> CMV\mp1 <220> <221> misc_feature<222> (1749)..(1805) <223> leader <220> <221> CDS <222> (1806)..(2165)<223> TCN032\VH <220> <221> CDS <222> (2166)..(2459) <223> CH1 <220><221> misc_feature <222> (2460)..(3152) <223> hinge-CH2′-CH3′ <220><221> misc_feature <222> (3239)..(3296) <223> leader <220> <221> CDS<222> (3297)..(3683) <223> FI6\VH <220> <221> CDS <222> (3684)..(4004)<223> CH1 <220> <221> CDS <222> (4005)..(4673) <223> CH2-3 <220> <221>polyA_signal <222> (4693)..(4770) <223> TKpAshort 36 <223> FI6 and CO5immunoadhesins <220> <221> polyA_signal <222> (201)..(432) <223>complement - SV40\polyA <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (453)..(1121)<223> complement - CH′2-3 <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1125)..(1457)<223> complement - C05\VL <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1458)..(1502)<223> SL\from\3bn201co <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1503)..(1916)<223> complement - C05\VH <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1965)..(1973)<223> leader <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2371)..(2412) <223>complement - CMV\mp2 <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2413)..(2881) <223>enhancer <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (2882)..(3007) <223> CMV\mp1<220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3067)..(3055) <223> leader <220> <221>CDS <222> (3124)..(3510) <223> FI6\VH <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(3511)..(3555) <223> SL\from\3bn201co <220> <221> CDS <222>(3556)..(3888) <223> FI6\VL <220> <221> CDS <222> (3892)..(4560) <223>CH2-3 <220> <221> polyA_signal <222> (4581)..(4812) <223> SV40\polyA 40<223> FI6 and CR8033 immunoadhesins <220> <221> polyA_signal <222>(201)..(432) <223> complement - SV40\polyA <220> <221> misc_feature<222> (453)..(1121) <223> complement - CH′2-3 <220> <221> misc_feature<222> (1125)..(1460) <223> complement - 033\VL <220> <221> misc_feature<222> (1461)..(1505) <223> SL\from\3bn201co <220> <221> misc_feature<222> (1506)..(1886) <223> complement - 033\VH <220> <221> misc_feature<222> (1935)..(1946) <223> complement - leader <220> <221> misc_feature<222> (2341)..(2382) <223> complement - CMV\mp2 <220> <221> misc_feature<222> (2383)..(2851) <223> enhancer <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(2852)..(2977) <223> CMV\mp1 <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(3073)..(3045) <223> leader <220> <221> CDS <222> (3094)..(3480) <223>FI6\VH <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (3481)..(3525) <223>SL\from\3bn201co <220> <221> CDS <222> (3526)..(3858) <223> FI6\VL <220><221> misc_feature <222> (3862)..(4530) <223> CH2-3 <220> <221>polyA_signal <222> (4551)..(4782) <223> SV40\polyA 43 <223> Plasmidcarrying TCN032 and Fi6 monoclonal antibodies <220> <221> repeat_region<222> (14)..(143) <220> <221> polyA_signal <222> (204)..(252) <223>synthetic polyA <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (261)..(267) <223> stopcassette (complement) <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (268)..(588) <223>constant light (on complementary strand) <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(967)..(971) <223> Kozak (located on complementary strand) <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (972)..(1019) <223> c-myc 5′ UTR (located oncomplementary strand) <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1026)..(1094)<223> CMV\mp2 <220> <221> enhancer <222> (1026)..(1094) <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (1564)..(1689) <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(1696)..(1743) <223> c-myc 5′ UTR <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(1744)..(1748) <223> Kozak <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (1749)..(1805)<223> leader <220> <221> CDS <222> (1806)..(2165) <223> TCN032 variableheavy <220> <221> repeat_region <222> (1845)..(4974) <223> invertedterminal repeat <220> <221> repeat_region <222> (1845)..(4974) <223>inverted terminal repeat (located on complement) <220> <221> CDS <222>(2166)..(2459) <223> CH1 <220> <221> misc <222> (2166)..(2459) <223> CH1<220> <221> CDS <222> (2460)..(3152) <223> hinge-CH2′-CH3′ <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (3153)..(3164) <223> furin cleavage site <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (3165)..(3236) <223> F2A linker <220> <221>misc_feature <222> (3239)..(3296) <220> <221> misc_feature <222>(3239)..(3296) <220> <221> CDS <222> (3297)..(3683) <223> FI6 VH <220><221> CDS <222> (3684)..(4004) <223> CH1 <220> <221> CDS <222>(4005)..(4673) <223> CH2-3 <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (4674)..(4680)<223> Stop cassette <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (4674)..(4680) <220><221> polyA_signal <222> (4693)..(4770) <223> TKpAshort <220> <221>rep_origin <222> (5151)..(5606) <220> <221>CDS <222> (5737)..(6594)<223> Amp-R <220> <221> misc_feature <222> (6768)..(.7356) <223>col\El\origin

This application contains sequences and a sequence listing, which ishereby incorporated by reference. All publications, patents, and patentapplications cited in this application, and U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/992,649, filed May 13, 2014, the priority of which isclaimed, are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties as ifeach individual publication or patent application were specifically andindividually indicated to be incorporated by reference. Although theforegoing invention has been described in some detail by way ofillustration and example for purposes of clarity of understanding, itwill be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in lightof the teachings of this invention that certain changes andmodifications can be made thereto without departing from the spirit orscope of the appended claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method of delivering at least twofunctional antibodies to a subject, said method comprising administeringa recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) having an AAV capsid andpackaged therein a heterologous nucleic acid which expresses at leasttwo functional monospecific antibodies in a cell, and wherein therecombinant AAV comprises: a 5′ AAV inverted terminal repeat (ITR); afirst expression cassette which encodes a first immunoglobulin chainunder the control of regulatory control sequences which directexpression thereof; a second expression cassette which encodes a secondimmunoglobulin chain, a linker, and a third immunoglobulin chain underthe control of regulatory control sequences which direct expressionthereof; and a 3′ AAV ITR, and wherein the encoded immunoglobulin chainsform the at least two functional monospecific antibodies and wherein theat least two expressed monospecific antibodies have differentspecificities.
 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein therecombinant AAV comprises a bidirectional enhancer located between thefirst expression cassette and the second expression cassette.
 3. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the immunoglobulinchains contain modified Fc coding sequences.
 4. The method according toclaim 1, wherein the linker in the second cassette comprises a linkerselected from an IRES or an F2A.
 5. The method according to claim 1,wherein the regulatory control sequences for the first expressioncassette and/or the second cassette comprise a minimal promoter.
 6. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein the regulatory control sequencesfor the first expression cassette and/or the second expression cassettecomprise a minimal or synthetic polyA.
 7. The method according to claim1, wherein the first expression cassette further encodes a linker and afourth immunoglobulin chain.
 8. The method according to claim 1, whereineach of the immunoglobulin chain comprises an scFv.
 9. The methodaccording claim 1, wherein the vector comprises a bidirectional polyAbetween the first expression cassette and the second expressioncassette.
 10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the firstexpression cassette comprises an enhancer and a minimal promoter. 11.The method according to claim 1, wherein the second expression cassettecomprises an enhancer and a minimal promoter.
 12. The method accordingto claim 1, wherein the first and second expression cassettes togetherexpress two F(ab')₂.
 13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the atleast two expressed monospecific antibodies are independently selectedfrom a monoclonal antibody, an immunoadhesin, a Fab, a bifunctionalantibody, and combinations thereof.
 14. The method according to claim 1,wherein the immunoglobulin chains are an immunoglobulin light chain, afirst immunoglobulin heavy chain, and a second immunoglobulin heavychain, wherein the first expressed monospecific antibody comprises theimmunoglobulin light chain and the first immunoglobulin heavy chain, andwherein the second expressed monospecific antibody comprises theimmunoglobulin light chain and the second immunoglobulin heavy chain.15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the first expressioncassette encodes an antibody light chain, the second expression cassetteencodes a first antibody heavy chain and a second antibody heavy chain,whereby the expressed functional antibodies have two different heavychains with different specificities which share the light chain.
 16. Themethod according to claim 14, wherein the first expression cassetteencodes a first antibody heavy chain, the second expression cassetteencodes an antibody light chain and a second antibody heavy chain,whereby the expressed functional antibodies have two different heavychains with different specificities which share the light chain.
 17. Themethod according to claim 1, wherein the recombinant AAV expresses afirst monoclonal antibody having a first specificity, a secondmonoclonal antibody having a specificity different from the firstmonoclonal antibody, and a bispecific antibody.